ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2025
Trends in inhaler use and associated carbon footprint: a sales data-based study in Europe.
Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- An expert opinion on the management of pediatric patients with wheezing and mild asthma: translating 2025 GINA strategy report into clinical practice in Italy.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPhysicians are being encouraged to favour dry powder inhalers (DPI) over pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDI) on environmental grounds. The EU is reviewing the F-gas regulation to accelerate emission phase-down targets. Thoughtful use of inhalers can reduce emissions while promoting positive clinical outcomes. We aim to describe the trends of pMDI and DPI use and associated carbon footprint in Europe.
methodsDPI and pMDI sales data between 2011 and 2021 were extracted from IQVIA MIDAS Quarterly 2022 as total sold doses in 10 European countries. Carbon footprint calculations were based on the Medical and Chemicals Technical Options Committee 2022 assessment report.
resultsBetween 2011 and 2021, the carbon footprint of pMDI-based inhalation therapy increased from 3368 to 3891 kilotons (kt) CO
conclusionsThe carbon footprint of inhaler therapy in Europe grew due to an increased use of pMDIs in many European countries. Greater focus on guideline-based controller therapy will potentially improve patient outcomes and decrease SABA over-reliance. Prioritising DPIs or soft mist inhalers when clinically appropriate can lower inhaler greenhouse gas emissions.
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