Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40890538›Full record

SynthesisJournal of nephrology2025

Long-term outcomes following acute kidney injury in individuals with pre-existing chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Xingmu Wang, Jianling He, Yaoqin Wang

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xingmu WangClinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Jianling HeDepartment of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Yaoqin WangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaoxing University), No. 568, Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. sxrywyq120@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is linked to a heightened risk of progressing to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals exhibiting normal baseline kidney function. However, the extent of such association in individuals with pre-existing CKD or renal impairment has been insufficiently investigated. Hence, we performed an extensive literature review and meta-analysis of the literature.

methodsArticles published on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane (up to December 2, 2024) were searched for post-hoc analyses/sub-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies that evaluated the association between AKI insult and long-term progression or overall death in individuals with pre-existing CKD or kidney dysfunction. All selected articles incorporated odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), or relative risk (RR) statistics along with data for assessing the association. Pooled RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived utilizing random-effects models, notwithstanding the heterogeneity evaluated by I

resultsUltimately, 39 studies with an aggregate of 332,198 participants were determined to be eligible for inclusion. Of them, 28 studies were included in an analysis of CKD progression risk, and 27 studies were incorporated in the analysis of all-cause mortality. Individuals who have experienced AKI were at  elevated risk for progression of CKD (HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.96-2.85) and all-cause mortality (1.58, 1.38-1.81) with significant heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses supported the findings. For both outcomes, gradient of risk was observed as the AKI stage increased. For all-cause mortality, the risk magnitude was modified by the clinical environment.

conclusionsA history of AKI is correlated with heightened risks of CKD progression and overall death in patients with pre-existing CKD. Future research should be focused on the frequency of AKI episodes, the restoration of kidney function according to the different timeframe, and the impact of concomitant proteinuria on prognosis in these patients.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryRenal Insufficiency, ChronicDisease ProgressionHumansRisk FactorsTime FactorsAcute kidney injuryChronic kidney diseaseOutcomesSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID40890538

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.