ReviewMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2025
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Schizophrenia Research: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions.
Review in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in medical research: applications, opportunities, and challenges.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Altered cortical activation and functional connectivity during fixed phrase verbal fluency in children with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review comprehensively examines the application and progress of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in schizophrenia research. Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by extensive dysfunction in the prefrontal-limbic system and dysregulation of brain network connectivity. fNIRS, with its advantages of high portability, resistance to motion interference, and non-invasive real-time monitoring of cerebral hemodynamic responses, has emerged as a valuable tool in exploring the neural mechanisms of schizophrenia. It can capture the overactivity of the default mode network (DMN) during resting states and the under-activation of brain regions such as the prefrontal and temporal lobes during task states. Studies have demonstrated that combining fNIRS with neuromodulation techniques, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and theta burst stimulation (TBS), can improve negative symptoms and offer a potential approach for individualized diagnosis and treatment. However, challenges remain in fNIRS research, such as signal noise processing, insufficient ability to detect deep brain regions, and research heterogeneity. Future research will focus on technological innovations (eg, high-density fNIRS and multimodal fusion), machine-learning-driven biomarker mining, and clinical translation (eg, optimizing individualized neuroregulatory targets). Through interdisciplinary integration, fNIRS is expected to facilitate breakthroughs in the individualized diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia and enhance understanding of its neural mechanisms. This review also discusses the potential of fNIRS as a biomarker for schizophrenia, its role in monitoring treatment efficacy, and the importance of addressing technical limitations to advance its clinical application.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.