Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40892321›Full record

ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2026

Development of a microneedle patch for delivery of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles.

Sophia H Sakers, B Pradeep K Reddy, Gianna Fiduccia, Katherine E Byrne, Ingrid Stén, Julie Kim, Afsane Radmand, James E Dahlman, Mark R Prausnitz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sophia H SakersWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-5444
B Pradeep K ReddySchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0696-1721
Gianna FiducciaSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-1193-8579
Katherine E ByrneWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-9742-3992
Ingrid SténSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3029-1669
Julie KimWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2940-4241
Afsane RadmandSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1539-2785
James E DahlmanWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-436X
Mark R PrausnitzWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. prausnitz@gatech.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-8448

Funding

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation INV-063842
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

mRNA delivered by microneedle patch (MNP) can enable painless delivery, reduced need for healthcare expertise, and improved thermostability. In this study, we investigated formulation and manufacturing approaches for developing MNPs that deliver mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encoding luciferase as a reporter protein during MNP fabrication and storage, including mRNA-LNP concentration, formulation, pH, excipients, and backing material. MNPs were assessed for mRNA-LNP size, encapsulation efficiency, and protein expression in vitro and in vivo. MNPs fabricated with mRNA-LNPs initially prepared at a higher concentration yielded superior expression compared to mRNA-LNP concentration by centrifugation or tangential flow filtration. Acidic pH during MNP manufacturing enabled greater expression in vitro. However, no such correlation was observed in vivo. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) best stabilized mRNA-LNPs during the MNP manufacturing process amongst the tested polymers. Incorporating sugars in MNPs did not further improve stability. Low temperature drying (5 °C) preserved mRNA functionality better compared to drying at 25 °C and 40 °C. Though there was significant activity loss initially (87% loss in 2 days at 40 °C), mRNA expression was stabilized for extended subsequent periods even at accelerated conditions (10% additional loss after 28 days at 40 °C). Our systematic approach identified key parameters for successful formulation and manufacturing approaches to incorporate mRNA-LNPs into MNPs, which could expand access to mRNA-based medical interventions.

Indexed as

LipidsNanoparticlesRNA, MessengerAnimalsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationLiposomesLuciferasesMicroneedle Drug DeliveryPolyvinyl AlcoholLipid NanoparticlesLipidsLiposomesLuciferasesPolyvinyl AlcoholRNA, MessengerLipid nanoparticleMicroneedle patchmRNATransdermal delivery

Identifiers

PMID40892321
PMCPMC13294314

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.