ArticleCureus2025
Mortality Related to Pneumonia and Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of Inpatient Diabetes Specialist Consultation with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes Hospitalized for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPneumonia is a major cause of mortality, and its association with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains underexplored. Understanding this relationship is essential to identifying high-risk populations and developing targeted public health interventions.
aimTo analyze mortality trends and demographic disparities in pneumonia with DM as a contributing cause using the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Multiple Causes of Death (MCD) database from 1999 to 2020.
methodsA retrospective observational study was conducted using the CDC MCD database to assess mortality trends in individuals aged 25 years and older in the United States from 1999 to 2020. The study included deaths where pneumonia (International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10): J18) was listed as the underlying cause and DM (ICD-10: E10-E14) as a contributing cause. Data were analyzed by age, gender, race, geographic region, and place of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and annual percentage change (APC) were calculated.
resultsA total of 59,291 deaths were recorded. The AAMR for pneumonia with DM as a contributing cause initially showed a rising trend from 1999 to 2002 with an APC of 3.90% (p < 0.05). However, from 2002 to 2018, the AAMR began declining significantly with an APC of -4.56% (p < 0.05). Deaths were more common in females (51.1%) and White individuals (82.0%). Most deaths occurred in metropolitan areas (79.5%) and medical facilities (70.9%).
conclusionThese findings highlight the need for integrated DM management and pneumonia prevention strategies. Targeted vaccination programs and early respiratory infection management could help reduce mortality in high-risk groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.