Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40897718›Full record

ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2025

Microbiome meets immunotherapy: unlocking the hidden predictors of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Lihaoyun Huang, Yu Li, Chunyan Zhang, Aimin Jiang, Lingxuan Zhu, Weiming Mou, Kailai Li, Jian Zhang, Cui Cui, Xinfang Cui and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

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  11. Microbial dysbiosis in cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Lihaoyun Huang *Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Donghai County People's Hospital (Affiliated Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University), Lianyungang, China.
Yu Li *Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Chunyan Zhang *Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Aimin Jiang *Department of Urology, Changhai hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
Lingxuan ZhuDepartment of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Weiming MouDepartment of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Kailai LiDepartment of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jian ZhangDepartment of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Cui CuiDepartment of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xinfang CuiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Anqi LinDepartment of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Donghai County People's Hospital (Affiliated Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University), Lianyungang, China. smulinanqi0206@i.smu.edu.cn.
Peng LuoDepartment of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Donghai County People's Hospital (Affiliated Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University), Lianyungang, China. luopeng@smu.edu.cn.
Ting WeiDepartment of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. weitingyouyou@qq.com.

Funding

Guangdong Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research B2023341National Natural Science Foundation of China 82172750
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, with the microbiome significantly influencing treatment outcomes. Analysis of 4663 studies (2014.01-2024.10) identified 71 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies (41 viral, 30 bacterial). Analyses included subgroup assessments by cancer type, microbial taxa, and ICI regimens. Among 4663 identified studies, 71 met inclusion criteria (41 viral, 30 bacterial). Viral status, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), significantly associated with ORR and DCR. Bacterial enrichment correlated with improved survival in hepatobiliary (OS: HR = 4.33, 95%CI: 2.20-8.50) and lung cancers (PFS: HR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.04-2.78). Multi-microbiome models demonstrated superior outcome prediction, with microbial diversity correlating with improved PFS (HR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.42-0.98). Viral status showed cancer-specific associations with SAEs. The microbiome serves as a valuable predictor of ICI outcomes. Future studies should emphasize large-scale RCTs, standardized assessment methods, and host-microbiome interactions.

Indexed as

Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyMicrobiotaNeoplasmsBacteriaHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40897718
PMCPMC12405452

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.