ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025
Machine learning analysis reveals tumor heterogeneity and stromal-immune niches in breast cancer.
Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Integrated Computational Modeling Reveals a Structurally Plausible Transient Paclitaxel-NK2R Interaction.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Deep learning-driven discovery of anti-metastatic phytochemicals targeting MMP-1 in breast cancer via advanced contrastive learning and structural attention.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Cancer Heterogeneity and Cancer Cell Plasticity: Molecular Mechanisms and Precision Therapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Quantitative coupling of clonal CNV evolution and spatially restricted malignant states identifies MFGE8 as a candidate late-state-associated target in breast cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Machine learning-guided Huanglian Jiedu decoction targets STING in periodontitis-induced Alzheimer's Disease.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- "Cytokine-Mediated tumor sensitization: mechanistic frameworks and therapeutic opportunities in cancer Immunotherapy".Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Integrative single-cell and machine-learning analysis identifies acBMC cancer · 2026Article
- The puppet master in the breast cancer "microecological community": spatial and metabolic regulation of macrophage heterogeneity.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Predicting response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer using longitudinal DCE-MRI deep learning integrated with tumor microenvironment data.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- TCM herb pairs regulate breast cancer TME heterogeneous mechanisms in immune, vascular, and stromal compartments.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- UAP1 as a prognostic biomarker regulating malignant biological functions in multiple myeloma cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- CAR-T cells in solid tumors: engineering, biomarkers, translational pathways and the road ahead.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of R-loop aberrations in lower-grade gliomas: prognostic, immune, and metabolic implications from multi-omics and machine learning analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Emerging Breast Cancer Subpopulations: Functional Heterogeneity Beyond the Classical Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance posing significant challenges to treatment. We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA-seq deconvolution to analyze BRCA samples. Our analysis identified 15 major cell clusters, including neoplastic epithelial, immune, stromal, and endothelial populations. Notably, low-grade tumors showed enriched subtypes, such as CXCR4+ fibroblasts, IGKC+ myeloid cells, and CLU+ endothelial cells, with distinct spatial localization and immune-modulatory functions. These subtypes were paradoxically linked to reduced immunotherapy responsiveness, despite their association with favorable clinical features. High-grade tumors exhibited reprogrammed intercellular communication, with expanded MDK and Galectin signaling. Bulk RNA-seq deconvolution further supported the prognostic significance of low-grade-enriched subtypes. Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment and provide new insights into immune evasion and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.