Evidence mapPaperPMID 40898682Full record

SynthesisBrain and behavior2025

Efficacy of Motor Imagery in the Treatment of Poststroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Yunlu Liu, Yang Wang, Xinyu Zhao, Peiqun Hu, Yushi Hu

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yunlu LiuSports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine, General Administration of Sport of China, School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0669-7510
Yang WangSports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine, General Administration of Sport of China, School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-6515
Xinyu ZhaoSchool of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Peiqun HuSports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine, General Administration of Sport of China, School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.
Yushi HuSports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine, General Administration of Sport of China, School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.

Funding

School of Sports Medicine and Health/Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University 'Excellent Scientific Research Program' 2025-A005Science and Technology Innovation Project of the General Administration of Sport of China 22KJCX009S&T Project of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 25MSZX518
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPoststroke dysphagia impairs patients' quality of life and survival. Motor imagery (MI) is increasingly used as a rehabilitation adjunct, but its efficacy requires validation. This study aims to evaluate MI's effectiveness in treating poststroke dysphagia.

methodsAn extensive literature search was conducted across eight English and Chinese electronic databases (from inception to April 2025) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of MI combined with conventional therapy (experimental group) versus conventional therapy alone (control group) on poststroke dysphagia. The methodological rigor was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Data analysis of the outcome measures was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software, with bootstrapped analysis to test the accuracy of primary outcomes.

resultsPooled analysis of 13 RCTs involving 1053 patients with poststroke dysphagia demonstrated that, compared to the control group, the MI supplementation group showed significantly lower water swallowing test scores (MD: -0.64, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.51, p < 0.00001) and standardized swallowing assessment scores (MD: -2.26, 95% CI: -2.94, -1.57, p < 0.00001) and higher swallowing quality of life scores (MD: 22.03, 95% CI: 7.25, 36.81, p = 0.003). Bootstrapping analysis substantiated the precision of these results. Furthermore, the meta-analysis revealed that add-on MI therapy significantly reduced the incidence of aspiration pneumonia (RR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.53, p = 0.0003) and increased clinical efficacy (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.39, p = 0.001). However, no significant effects were observed on aspiration incidence, malnutrition, or nasogastric tube removal rates.

conclusionOur findings support that MI therapy can be implemented as an add-on approach for poststroke dysphagia. More high-quality RCTs from multicenters are needed to provide more reliable evidence and explore the optimal treatment protocol.

Indexed as

Deglutition DisordersImagery, PsychotherapyStrokeStroke RehabilitationHumansQuality of LifeRandomized Controlled Trials as Topicefficacymeta‐analysismotor imagerypoststroke dysphagia

Identifiers

PMID40898682
PMCPMC12405594

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.