Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40898787›Full record

ReviewPacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE2025

Minimizing Atrioesophageal Fistula Risk After AF Ablation: Risk Factors, Prevention, and Emerging Mini-Thermal Technology.

Muhammed Ibrahim Erbay, Esedullah Yağlı, Tasha Phillips-Wilson, Arda Çeviker, Henry D Huang, Joseph E Marine, Kıvanç Yalın

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Muhammed Ibrahim ErbayCerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkiye.ORCID 0000-0003-4001-571X
Esedullah YağlıCerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
Tasha Phillips-WilsonUniversity of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Arda ÇevikerCerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
Henry D HuangDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4103-4317
Joseph E MarineDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kıvanç YalınCerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkiye.ORCID 0000-0001-7671-661X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Atrial esophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare but life-threatening complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, linked to thermal injuries by conventional radiofrequency (RF) and cryo-balloon (CB) ablation techniques. AEF risk can be mitigated by considering several measures such as tailored power settings of ablation technique, mechanical displacement of esophagus, esophageal cooling, and alternative ablative techniques and energy sources. We review the current knowledge regarding AEF and esophageal thermal injuries as well as discussing the current research regarding a novel none-to-minimally thermal, myocardial tissue-selective modality known as pulsed-field ablation (PFA) which may mitigate such risks. By inducing irreversible electroporation, PFA reduces thermal injury and demonstrates improved safety profiles, as evidenced by recent meta-analyses reporting zero esophageal injury and AEF cases. Additionally, the integration of 3D mapping systems with PFA has enhanced its procedural precision and accuracy while lowering the radiation exposure. Despite these advances, challenges such as standardizing anesthesia protocols and tailoring energy settings remain. Our review suggests that PFA may reduce the risk of AEF from catheter ablation of AF. While early outcomes of PFA are encouraging, it is important to recognize that preliminary data may not always be predictive of long-term AEF formation risk, as demonstrated by earlier experiences with CB ablation. Although PFA may reduce the risk of any aberrant thermal injuries, recent studies report significant increase in collateral damage including hemolysis, exaggerated troponin leak and coronary vasospasms. PFA should be used with caution in patients with hemolytic anemia or renal dysfunction, as they may experience more pronounced effects. Future long-term outcome studies should provide more information on possible adverse outcomes with PFA as well as tailoring the power settings of PFA.

Indexed as

Atrial FibrillationCatheter AblationEsophageal FistulaHeart DiseasesPostoperative ComplicationsHeart AtriaHumansRisk Factorsatrial esophageal fistulaatrial fibrillation ablationcatheter ablation complicationscryo‐balloon ablationesophageal thermal injurypulsed‐field ablationradiofrequency ablation

Identifiers

PMID40898787
PMCPMC12594277

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.