Evidence mapPaperPMID 40899005Full record

ReviewEndocrine reviews2026

Cognitive Assessment in Adults With Adrenal Cortisol Insufficiency: Challenges and Opportunities.

Anat Ben-Shlomo, Michelle Koh, Sarah Kremen, Jeffrey Wertheimer

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrine reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anat Ben-ShlomoDepartment of Medicine, Multidisciplinary Adrenal Program, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2912-5355
Michelle KohDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Sarah KremenDepartment of Neurology, Neurobehavior Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Jeffrey WertheimerDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychology and Neuropsychology Services, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adults with adrenal cortisol insufficiency (ACI) often report cognitive dysfunction, especially in memory processing and executive function. Only a few studies have objectively compared cognitive function as the primary outcome between patients with ACI and controls, and these efforts have yielded inconsistent results. In this review, we examine the challenges facing researchers studying cognitive function in adult patients with ACI. We consider the effect of dysregulated cortisol on cognition in patients with ACI, and the inability of current guideline-recommended glucocorticoid (GC) treatment regimens to accurately reproduce circadian and ultradian cortisol secretion rhythms. Factors that contribute to inter- and intra-individual response to GC are presented; the indirect effects of ACI comorbidities, complications, and symptoms on cognitive dysfunction are reviewed; and obstacles to employing neurocognitive testing are identified. Finally, we outline potential approaches to studying cognition in ACI using well-designed studies that account for the complexities and gaps in ACI research.

Indexed as

Adrenal InsufficiencyCognitionCognitive DysfunctionHydrocortisoneAdultGlucocorticoidsHumansNeuropsychological TestsGlucocorticoidsHydrocortisoneadrenal cortisol insufficiencycognitive dysfunctionhydrocortisone

Identifiers

PMID40899005
PMCPMC12795706

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.