Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40899448›Full record

ArticleCancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)2026

Was It Worth It? Response Data from >650 US and International Participants in Chemoprevention Trials.

David Zahrieh, Carrie A Strand, Paul J Limburg, Aminah Jatoi, Sumithra J Mandrekar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

David ZahriehDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.ORCID 0000-0002-5106-1730
Carrie A StrandDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.ORCID 0000-0001-7820-6138
Paul J LimburgExact Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin.ORCID 0000-0002-2428-5675
Aminah JatoiMayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.ORCID 0000-0002-1081-189X
Sumithra J MandrekarDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.ORCID 0000-0002-7658-1134

Funding

PHASE 1 AND PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIALS OF CANCER CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENTS -261035000N01CN035000 · CN · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI LIMBURG, PAUL J · 1985 to 2006
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Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute (DCP, NCI) HHSN2612012000421Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute (DCP, NCI) N01-CN35000NCI NIH HHS HHSN261201200021CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201200021INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201200041CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201200041INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201200042CNCI NIH HHS N01 CN035000
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim was to assess whether subject's participation in early-phase chemoprevention trials was satisfactory and identify features associated with subjects' satisfaction. Thirteen trials that investigated a range of candidate agents from 2006 to 2021 by the Cancer Prevention Network were included. The five-item "Was It Worth It?" (WIWI) questionnaire was administered to all subjects at the end of each trial's intervention or at early termination. Satisfied overall was defined as a participant response of "yes" to the first three questions. Six hundred ninety-one participants from the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, and Honduras enrolled on a trial. Six hundred fifty-two (94.4%) completed the WIWI questionnaire. Of these, 493 (75.6%) were White, non-Hispanic/Latino; 39 (6.0%) Black, non-Hispanic/Latino; 98 (15.0%) Hispanic/Latino; and 8 (1.2%) of another race/ethnicity. One hundred ninety-three were women (29.6%), 121 (17.5%) were ≥65 years, and 517 (79.3%) participated in a placebo-controlled trial. Eighty-five percent indicated being satisfied overall. Compared with White, non-Hispanic/Latino, the odds of not satisfied overall were 2.96 times higher for Black/Asian/>1 race, non-Hispanic/Latino (P < 0.001) and 0.40 times lower for Hispanic/Latino (P = 0.004). The odds of not satisfied overall was 1.9 times higher when the number of preintervention adverse events experienced was ≥1 (P = 0.012), 1.8 times higher when the percentage of the intervention duration with adverse events was >5% (P = 0.024), and 7.4 times higher for subjects who terminated the intervention early (P < 0.001). These findings can inform the design of future chemoprevention trials and help investigators improve accrual, retention, adherence, and diversity in this underexplored research setting. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: The five-item "WIWI?" questionnaire, which captures the participant-reported experience of trial participation, gives the subject a voice in the development of new chemopreventative agents. This study in 652 subjects looked at satisfaction with participation in early-phase chemoprevention trials for higher-risk, cancer-free men and women. See related Spotlight, p. 7.

Indexed as

ChemopreventionClinical Trials as TopicNeoplasmsPatient SatisfactionAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40899448
PMCPMC12462102

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.