Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40899809›Full record

ArticleNeurosurgery2026

Safety of Prefrontal Cortex Biopsies During Deep Brain Stimulation Procedures.

Sema Akkus, Nicole W Simons, Sansara Mahtani, Ethan Epstein, Philip Zuccaro, Alice Hashemi, Saum Naderi, Klaren Ng, Renata Gonzalez Chong, Skyler Pierce-Scher and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurosurgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Sema AkkusIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8934-2642
Nicole W SimonsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Sansara MahtaniIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Ethan EpsteinIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Philip ZuccaroIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Alice HashemiIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Saum NaderiIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Klaren NgIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Renata Gonzalez ChongIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Skyler Pierce-ScherIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Henry RogersIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Gerard OnaIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Bohdana PostolovskyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Kate KellerIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Lora E LiharskaIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Girish N NadkarniIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.
Alexander W CharneyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8135-6858
Brian H KopellIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York , New York , USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6955-4787

Funding

A multiscale investigation of the living human brainR01AG069976 · NIA · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI CHARNEY, ALEXANDER W · 2020 to 2024
$3.1M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG069976NIA NIH HHS R01AG069976
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesA goal of medical research is to advance knowledge of the molecular biology underlying human brain function. Yet, few studies of human brain biology have been performed using brain tissue from living people. This is due to the lack of safe approaches to sampling the living human brain for rigorous scientific inquiry. The Living Brain Project (LBP) developed a method to biopsy a small volume of prefrontal cortex (PFC) tissue during deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead placement procedures. The objective of this LBP report was to establish the safety of the PFC biopsy approach.

methodsAcute adverse events (ie, infection, intracranial hemorrhage [ICH], and seizures) were tracked after 1152 DBS procedures performed on 590 patients. A PFC biopsy was obtained in 652 procedures ("biopsy group"), and no biopsy was obtained in 500 procedures ("nonbiopsy group"). Cognitive health was assessed at baseline and 1 year after DBS surgery for 144 patients. Rates of acute adverse events and changes in cognitive health were compared between the biopsy and nonbiopsy groups.

resultsNo infections occurred in either group. No statistically significant difference in ICH rate was observed between groups (1.7% biopsy group vs 1.4% nonbiopsy group; χ 2 test P -value = .88), and this observation held regardless of the anatomical location or the clinical severity of the ICH. No statistically significant difference in seizure rate was observed between groups (0.2% biopsy group vs 0.4% nonbiopsy group; P -value = .82). No statistically significant associations were observed between number of biopsies and changes in cognitive health over time.

conclusionDBS procedures involving PFC biopsies for the LBP demonstrate a safety profile comparable with DBS procedures without biopsies.

Indexed as

Deep Brain StimulationPrefrontal CortexAdultAgedBiopsyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedBrain biopsyDeep brain stimulationLiving brain tissueMovement disordersNeuropsychological outcomesSafety analysisSurgical complications

Identifiers

PMID40899809
PMCPMC12516147

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.