Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40900212›Full record

SynthesisWiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)2026

Treatment outcomes and safety profile of SGLT2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus : Systematic review of real-world observational studies.

Aftab Alam, Mohd Imran, Zia Ur Rehman, Biswa Mohan Sahoo, Manoj Kumar Mahapatra

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Aftab AlamDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-8311
Mohd ImranDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-1040
Zia Ur RehmanHealth Research Centre , Jazan University, 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, 45142.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-7966
Biswa Mohan SahooSchool of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology & Management, Jatni, Odisha, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8822-0427
Manoj Kumar MahapatraDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 769015, Rourkela, Odisha, India. manojbit07@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeSeveral pharmacotherapies are available to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among which sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are significant. The current systematic review aims to critically evaluate various clinical outcomes and safety profile of SGLT2is in comparison to GLP‑1 receptor agonists for the management of T2DM utilizing real-world clinical data.

methodsA total of 22,100 research articles were extracted from several electronic databases including EMBASE, PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane Library from January 2010 to September 2024. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to maintain consistency and transparency in research. To obtain insights from the real-world clinical data, observational studies were used for this review, excluding , randomized controlled trials.

resultsThe pooled analysis showed that risk ratio (RR) of heart failure and MACE (major cardiovascular events) or revascularization, and odds ratio (OR) of renal outcomes were slightly higher among SGLT2is (experimental) as compared to GLP‑1 agonist (control). In addition, the pooled analysis of hypoglycemic events and all-cause mortalities favored SGLT2is as compared to GLP‑1 agonist.

conclusionSGLT2is appear to be more effective in lowering hospitalization for heart failure; GLP‑1 medication appears to be safer and more successful in treating MACE and improving renal outcomes. Occurrence of hypoglycemic events and the rate of all-cause mortality were found to be low in the SGLT2is group, which supported the clinical implication of SGLT2is.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsHumansObservational Studies as TopicTreatment OutcomeGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsCardiovascular outcomesGlucagon-like peptide 1 agonistsKidney functionReal-world observational studiesSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40900212

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.