Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40905615›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2025

How Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Medications Are Depicted in Instagram Posts Regarding Women's Health, Nontraditional Access, and Barriers to Access: Content Analysis.

Brittnie E Bloom, Marie A Bragg, Melanie R Jay, Daphna Harel, Camile Cline, Matthew Crowe, Avery Montoya, Sandhya Muthuramalingam, Roberto Santana, Stephanie L Albert

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Brittnie E BloomSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6532-2359
Marie A BraggDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7173
Melanie R JayDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-3120
Daphna HarelApplied Statistics, Social Science, and Humanities, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-5989
Camile ClineSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3795-9104
Matthew CroweSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1662-2527
Avery MontoyaSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2165-7320
Sandhya MuthuramalingamSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4866-679X
Roberto SantanaSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7270-9915
Stephanie L AlbertDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3233-3742

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) medications, recently introduced in the United States for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity, have sparked interest and discussion on social media. Social media has emerged as a prominent platform for the distribution of health information; its vast user base and accessibility make it a popular resource for individuals seeking medical advice. This study characterized GLP-1 medication-related content on Instagram about 3 critical areas of public health: women's health, access from nontraditional settings, and barriers to access.

objectiveThis study aimed to perform passive content analysis in which information patterns would be observed from Instagram posts.

methodsWe examined 40 GLP-1 medication-related Instagram posts to develop a list of the most frequently used hashtags. In total, 10 "top posts" were collected for 7 days (July 11-17, 2023) for 11 study hashtags (eg, #Ozempic). Duplicates, deleted posts or accounts, non-English content, and unrelated posts were removed. Each post was reviewed by at least 2 coders. Coding discrepancies were resolved through discussion.

resultsThe final sample included 239 posts. More than half of the posts (130/239, 54%) were from GLP-1 medication users. Raters perceived most users to be female (90/97, 92.8%); inferred that most used medications for weight loss (69/130, 53.1%); determined the most frequently noted health condition was polycystic ovarian syndrome (25/130, 19.2%); and judged posts to have positive sentiments about well-being (64/130, 49.2%) and toward the medications (100/130, 76.9%). About a quarter of the posts (55/239, 23%) offered services for obtaining GLP-1 medications; GLP-1 medications were perceived to be accessible via nontraditional health care settings (eg, medical spas) versus traditional settings (39/239,16.3% vs 12/239, 5%). Most users (78/97, 80.4%) were perceived to be White; barriers to access (ie, shortages, insurance, and cost) were infrequently mentioned (6/239, 2.5%; 3/239, 1.3%; and 1/239, 0.4%, respectively).

conclusionsOur findings highlight the perceived benefits of GLP-1 medications for women's health, the need to increase health literacy about where to safely access medications, and how additional attention is needed for equitable access to GLP-1 medications. The onus is on social media companies to promote content that is safe and for the health care system and its payers to address health care inequities for historically marginalized communities.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1Health Services AccessibilitySocial MediaWomen's HealthDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansUnited StatesGlucagon-Like Peptide 1access to careglucagon-like peptide-1 medicationspolycystic ovarian syndromesocial mediawomen’s health

Identifiers

PMID40905615
PMCPMC12447010

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.