Evidence mapPaperPMID 40906200Full record

Observational studyActa diabetologica2026

Incidence and causes of major amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: data from a retrospective study.

Marco Meloni, Luigi Uccioli, Aikaterini Andreadi, Laura Giurato, Valeria Ruotolo, Maria Romano, Alessandro Minasi, Ermanno Bellizzi, Federico Rolando Bonanni, Martina Salvi and 2 more

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Acta diabetologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Marco MeloniDepartment of Systems of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy. meloni.marco@libero.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-9622
Luigi UccioliDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CTO Hospital, Rome, 00145, Italy.
Aikaterini AndreadiDepartment of Systems of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
Laura GiuratoDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CTO Hospital, Rome, 00145, Italy.
Valeria RuotoloDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Maria RomanoDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Alessandro MinasiDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Ermanno BellizziDepartment of Systems of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
Federico Rolando BonanniDepartment of Systems of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
Martina SalviDepartment of Systems of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
Alfonso BelliaDepartment of Systems of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
Davide LauroDepartment of Systems of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThe study aimed to evaluate the rate and causes of major amputation in patients with diabetic foot syndrome.

methodsThe current study is a retrospective observational study including consecutive patients referred to a tertiary-level diabetic foot service from January 2020 to November 2023 due to a new diabetic foot problem requiring hospital admission. All patients had been managed by a multi-disciplinary diabetic foot team (MDFT) through a pre-set limb salvage protocol including the management of peripheral arterial disease, infection, foot offloading, and comorbidities. At 1 year of follow-up, the following outcomes measures were evaluated: rate of major amputation, clinical characteristics of amputees, and causes of major amputation.

resultsOverall, 1226 patients referring for a diabetic foot problem and requiring hospitalization were screened for the study. Among them, 30 (2.4%) patients experienced major amputation. Amputees had 69.9±10.7 years, the majority were male (73.3%) with a prevalence of type 2 diabetes (93.3%) and a long diabetes duration (25.2±9.8 years). They showed several comorbidities such as ischaemic heart disease (83.3%), heart failure (46.7%), end-stage-renal-disease (26.7%), and in addition high rate of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (86.7%), infected wounds (98.3%), and osteomyelitis (90%). Major amputation was mainly related to untreatable limb ischemia (failure of revascularization procedure) in 56.7% of cases, calcaneus osteomyelitis and necrotizing fasciitis in 16.7% of cases, and tarsal osteomyelitis in 10% of cases.

conclusionsThe rate of major amputation was very low in this population managed by a MDFT. PAD was the main cause of major amputation.

Indexed as

Amputation, SurgicalDiabetic FootAgedAged, 80 and overDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesAmputationDiabetesDiabetic footPeripheral arterial disease

Identifiers

PMID40906200
PMCPMC12847106

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.