Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40908019›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Action design research to develop an interactive dashboard to visualise and compare patient data from Irish general practice (CARA).

Heike Vornhagen, Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela, Katarzyna Stasiewicz, Agustin Garcia Pereira, Sana Parveen, Lukasz Porwol, Claire Collins, Catherine Blake, Akke Vellinga

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Heike Vornhagen *Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela *School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6181-8154
Katarzyna StasiewiczInsight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Agustin Garcia PereiraInsight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Sana ParveenSchool of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-1066
Lukasz PorwolInsight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Claire CollinsResearch Centre, Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-5159
Catherine BlakeSchool of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Akke VellingaSchool of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland akke.vellinga@ucd.ie.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveA dashboard was developed with and for Irish general practitioners (GPs) to improve their understanding of practice data. The aim of this study was to design and develop interactive CARA dashboards to enable Irish GPs to visualise patient data and compare their data with other practices.

designAn interpretivist qualitative approach was taken to create a deeper understanding of how GPs view and engage with data. It included four stages: (a) problem formulation, (b) building, intervention and evaluation, (c) reflection and learning and (d) formalisation of learning. The process included interviews to explore what type of information GPs need, as well as iterative testing of the CARA dashboard prototype.

settingGeneral practice.

participantsGPs, design experts and domain experts (antibiotic prescribing and stewardship).

resultsKey challenges identified from the interviews (context, sense-making, audits, relevance, action, engagement and ease of use) formed the basis for developing the CARA dashboard prototype. The first exemplar dashboard focused on antibiotic prescribing to develop and showcase the proposed platform, including automated audit reports, filters (within-practice) and between-practice comparisons, as well as a visual overview of practice demographics. The design thinking approach helped to capture and build an understanding of the GPs' perspectives and identify unmet needs. This approach benefits the quality improvement methodology commonly adopted across healthcare, which aims to understand the process, not the users.

conclusionsThe development of a

Indexed as

General PracticeGeneral PractitionersPractice Patterns, Physicians'Anti-Bacterial AgentsHumansInterviews as TopicIrelandQualitative ResearchAnti-Bacterial AgentsClinical auditHealth ServicesPrimary Health Care

Identifiers

PMID40908019
PMCPMC12414190

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.