Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40908327›Full record

ArticleBundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz2025

[Geography and health-the example of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bremen].

Christoph Buck, Daniela Koller, Eva Kibele, Katharina Schulze, Jobst Augustin

Abstract readEnglish Abstract
In one paragraph

Article in Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Christoph BuckLeibniz Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Bremen, Deutschland.
Daniela KollerInstitut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), München, Deutschland.
Eva KibeleStatistisches Landesamt Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland.
Katharina SchulzeInstitut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Jobst AugustinInstitut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland. jo.augustin@uke.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGeography is, among other things, the study of spatial and temporal changes in structures and processes. Health geography applies the methods, models, and paradigms of geography to health-related issues. The example of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bremen is used to illustrate the geographical perspective on health and its benefits.

methodsThe study is based on spatio-temporal data of new COVID-19 infections by calendar week at the district level in the city of Bremen between March 2020 and May 2022. In addition to the number of cases, selected indicators of the socio-demographic situation (e.g., household structure, social status, and migration status) were taken into account. Spatio-temporal analyses were performed descriptively and using linear regression models.

resultsThe first wave of the pandemic shows clear local differences and high incidence respectively period prevalence in individual city districts. For the later waves, a clustering with high case numbers in predominantly deprived city districts was identified. For example, in wave 2 there was an association between the number of cases and the number of persons per household (β = 1.099, p < 0.001) and in wave 4 with the SGBII rate (β = 0.056, p = 0.004). DISCUSSION: The results show spatial differences in COVID-19 case numbers and a greater burden in deprived city districts. The study has shown the great benefit of a spatio-temporal perspective using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bremen. This applies not only to the analysis of the dynamics of the pandemic, but also from a public health perspective to the identification of vulnerable populations and the implementation of targeted prevention measures.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleGermanyHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceSpatio-Temporal AnalysisYoung AdultEpidemiologyGermanyInfectious diseaseSpaceUrban health

Identifiers

PMID40908327
PMCPMC12460524

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.