Evidence mapPaperPMID 40908767Full record

ArticleInternational journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics2025

Global determinants of gynecologic cancer incidence and mortality: A cluster-based analysis with predictive insights.

Mauricio A Cuello, Fernán Gomez-Valenzuela, Ignacio Wichmann, Alexander B Olawaiye

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. FIGO Cancer Report 2025: Transforming gynecologic oncology through global equity, technological innovation, and preventive strategies.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
    Article
  4. Global determinants of gynecologic cancer incidence and mortality: A cluster-based analysis with predictive insights.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mauricio A CuelloDepartment of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), Santiago, Chile.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2812-0015
Fernán Gomez-ValenzuelaPrecision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
Ignacio WichmannDepartment of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Alexander B OlawaiyeDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Funding

FONDAP 152220002Fondecyt 1201083
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGynecologic cancers, including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, remain a significant global health challenge. In 2022, 9 175 141 new cancer cases were reported among females, with 1 473 427 (16.1%) attributed to gynecologic cancers, reflecting an incidence rate of 30.4 per 100 000. These cancers were responsible for 680 372 deaths, representing 15.9% of total female cancer mortality at a rate of 17.3 per 100 000. Identifying the drivers of incidence and mortality is critical for addressing disparities and advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those targeting health equity and gender equality.

objectiveTo identify and analyze the socioeconomic, healthcare, lifestyle, and environmental determinants driving gynecologic cancer incidence and mortality globally. The study leveraged a cluster-based approach across 68 countries, representing 34.9% of global nations and spanning diverse geographic and economic contexts.

methodsEighty-seven variables were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), consolidating them into 17 key components that explained 74.4% of the total variance. These components informed a hierarchical clustering process that grouped countries into four profiles based on shared characteristics. Cluster-specific backward regression models examined the influence of these components on standardized incidence and mortality rates (Adjusted Rate Standardized, ARS). Monte Carlo simulations validated projections, providing robust insights into disparities.

resultsThe study revealed significant cluster-specific variability in factors influencing gynecologic cancer outcomes. Cluster 1 excelled in lifestyle-driven cancer prevention, whereas systemic barriers in Cluster 4 necessitate urgent healthcare investment and policy reform. Intermediate clusters exhibited variability influenced by social stability, environmental health, and healthcare infrastructure. The analysis underscored disparities in key predictors such as HPV vaccination coverage, healthcare expenditure, public health policies, and access to preventive services.

conclusionsThis study highlights the importance of tailored, cluster-specific strategies to reduce disparities in gynecologic cancer outcomes. Interventions should prioritize equitable access to preventive care, lifestyle modifications, and healthcare investments, particularly in resource-constrained regions. The findings align with SDG targets on health and well-being (SDG 3) and gender equality (SDG 5), offering actionable insights to accelerate progress toward WHO's 90-70-90 goals and the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health threat.

Indexed as

Genital Neoplasms, FemaleGlobal HealthCluster AnalysisFemaleHumansIncidenceLife StyleSocioeconomic FactorsCancer preventionCluster‐based analysisGlobal health disparitiesGynecologic cancersHealthcare accessLifestyle risk factorsPrincipal Component AnalysisPublic health policiesResource‐specific strategiesSocioeconomic determinantsSustainable Development GoalsWHO 90–70–90 targets

Identifiers

PMID40908767
PMCPMC12411812

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.