Evidence mapPaperPMID 40909048Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Impact of Urate-Lowering Agents on Renal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.

Hegwa Gafar Abubakir Osman, Ammar Abderahim, Maria Mohamed Ahmed Babiker, Mohammed Hassan Mohammed Saied, Eiman Elzein Abdelrahman Elsheikh, Alaa Elmutaz Mohamed Mahmoud, Hiba Karimeldin Mohamed Ali

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hegwa Gafar Abubakir OsmanGeneral Practice, Albadr Medical Center, Makkah, SAU.
Ammar AbderahimInternal Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary Hospital, Manchester, GBR.
Maria Mohamed Ahmed BabikerInternal Medicine, Medway Maritime Hospital, Kent, GBR.
Mohammed Hassan Mohammed SaiedGeneral Medicine, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital, Kent, GBR.
Eiman Elzein Abdelrahman ElsheikhGeneral Internal Medicine, Medway Maritime NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, GBR.
Alaa Elmutaz Mohamed MahmoudCardiology, Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln, GBR.
Hiba Karimeldin Mohamed AliInternal Medicine, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, GBR.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant global health burden, with hyperuricemia emerging as a potential modifiable risk factor for disease progression. Urate-lowering agents (ULAs) have been hypothesized to preserve renal function by reducing serum uric acid (SUA) levels and mitigating associated pathogenic mechanisms. However, clinical evidence regarding their efficacy remains inconsistent. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of ULAs on renal outcomes in CKD patients by synthesizing evidence from recent placebo-controlled randomized trials. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2020 and 2025. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, assessing allopurinol, febuxostat, verinurad, and topiroxostat. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (ROB 2) tool (London, United Kingdom). Data were synthesized narratively due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity. Febuxostat demonstrated potential renal benefits, with significant estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) preservation in three studies. Allopurinol showed neutral effects on eGFR decline in large trials. Albuminuria reduction was observed with verinurad plus febuxostat but not with other ULAs. Safety profiles were favorable across studies, with no significant differences in adverse events versus placebo. While febuxostat may slow CKD progression in select populations, evidence for allopurinol and combination therapies remains inconclusive. Heterogeneity in outcomes underscores the need for personalized treatment and further research to identify optimal candidates for ULA therapy.

Indexed as

allopurinolchronic kidney diseasefebuxostathyperuricemiarenal outcomessystematic reviewurate-lowering agents

Identifiers

PMID40909048
PMCPMC12407024

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.