PRECOG update: An augmented resource of clinical outcome associations with gene expression for pediatric and immunotherapy cohorts.

Gene expression can be used to define prognostic and predictive biomarkers across cancers and treatment modalities. PRECOG (https://precog.stanford.edu) is a compendium of datasets with gene expression and clinical outcomes that facilitates visualization of associations between genomic profiles and patient survival. Here, we augment the existing PRECOG with new datasets in previously poorly represented adult cancer types, as well as adding annotated pediatric and immunotherapy treated cohorts. Pediatric PRECOG comprises ~4,000 patients across 12 cancers; while the immunotherapy cohort (ICI PRECOG) contains ~4,500 patients across 20 cancer subtypes from 80 distinct datasets across 52 studies. We compute and visualize associations of gene expression with survival outcomes using Cox regression for time-to-event, or logistic regression for responder vs non-responder, across all datasets. We also estimate cell type fractions in samples via computational deconvolution using CIBERSORTx, to identify survival associations at the level of cell types. All expression data, clinical annotations, and gene and cell type survival z-scores and meta z-scores for adult, pediatric, and ICI PRECOG, are available for interactive analysis and download, along with Kaplan-Meier and boxplot visualizations. This updated resource will provide new insights into biomarkers for specific therapies, populations, and cancer types.