Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40910939›Full record

ArticleDiabetes technology & therapeutics2026

Real-World Clinical Impact of Using Personal Glucose Targets in a Hybrid Closed-Loop System Differs According to Age.

Julia Ware, Simon Bergford, Peter Calhoun, Judy Sibayan, Malgorzata E Wilinska, Yue Ruan, Roman Hovorka

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Julia WareInstitute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4497-0979
Simon BergfordJaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Peter CalhounJaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5325-7200
Judy SibayanJaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Malgorzata E WilinskaInstitute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Yue RuanInstitute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Roman HovorkaInstitute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCamAPS FX is a customizable hybrid closed-loop app with a default target glucose of 105 mg/dL. The personal glucose target is user-adjustable in 1 mg/dL increments between 80 and 198 mg/dL in 30-min segments over 24 h. We assessed the impact of different personal glucose targets on glycemic control during real-world use of CamAPS FX in different age-groups.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from real-world CamAPS FX users from 11 countries across all age-groups (1 to 90 years), who used the system between December 1, 2022 and November 30, 2023, and had a minimum of 8 weeks of closed-loop use. Every sensor glucose reading was matched to the user-specified glucose target.

resultsIn total, 8604 users (mean age 32 ± 19 years, median days of data 89 [IQR 59, 119]) were included. Personal glucose targets were most frequently used by very young children (>50%), followed by school-aged children (>40%). All other age-groups used the default target 65%-68% of the time. Overall, personal glucose targets >120 mg/dL were associated with time in target range <70%. Time <70 mg/dL remained <4% across targets, apart from at the lowest (80-89 mg/dL). Older adults achieved time in range ≥70% across all targets. Very young children and young adults were only able to achieve time in range >70% with targets set below the default, which was associated with time <70 mg/dL of >4% in very young children.

conclusionsPersonal glucose targets are frequently used, with clinical impact differing depending on user-age. Adjusting glucose targets may help to achieve recommended glycemic targets and individual glycemic goals.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Glycemic ControlHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinartificial pancreasautomated insulin deliveryclosed-loopglucose targetpersonalized medicinetype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40910939
PMCPMC13535542

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.