Evidence mapPaperPMID 40911213Full record

ReviewAdvances in therapy2025

Obesity as a Chronic Disease: A Narrative Review of Evolving Definitions, Management Strategies, and Cardiometabolic Prioritization.

Vidhi Singh, Jia Sun, Susan Cheng, Alan C Kwan, Amanda Velazquez

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Vidhi SinghDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jia SunZhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Susan ChengSmidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Alan C KwanSmidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Amanda VelazquezJim and Eleanor Randall Department of Surgery, Section of Obesity Medicine, Center for Weight Management and Metabolic Health, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8635 W. 3rd Street, West Tower, Suite 795, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. amanda.velazquez@cshs.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7620-4443

Funding

Institutional Career Development CoreKL2TR001882 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · 2025 to 2025
$1.0M
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR001882NIH HHS KL2TR001882
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Obesity is a multifactorial, complex disease that is driven by genetic, biological, environmental, and behavioral factors. In this review, we explain the key contributors to obesity, limitations in current definitions, its relationship with cardiometabolic health, and recent advancements in treatment. Obesity is characterized by the presence of excess and dysfunctional adipose tissue, driven by chronic inflammation and maladaptive energy homeostasis. Although body mass index (BMI) has historically been used to diagnose obesity, BMI provides a limited evaluation of individual patients because it fails to specifically quantify adiposity, which is the primary determinant of metabolic impact in these patients. There is an ongoing and necessary shift in treating obesity with a weight-inclusive approach that aims to address obesity upstream and prevent downstream cardiometabolic health complications. This approach is being supported by various treatment options, notably glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide, that also have promising effects on cardiovascular, renal, and liver health. Advances in precision medicine, gut microbiome research, and Multi-target therapies support personalized therapeutic approach. Despite these developments, less than 25% of individuals living with obesity are receiving evidence-based treatment. There is an urgent need to improve health care delivery to patients with obesity through timely, affordable, and multimodal treatments that promote sustainable and sustained weight loss. Increasing board certification of practicing physicians through the American Board of Obesity Medicine will be critical to improving access and quality of care.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesObesityBody Mass IndexChronic DiseaseHumansPrecision MedicineBMICardiometabolic HealthGIPGLP-1 RAObesityWeight management

Identifiers

PMID40911213
PMCPMC12579698

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.