Evidence mapPaperPMID 40911365Full record

ReviewClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2026

Kidney Health and Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals.

Patel Reema, Shira Grock, Hill L Wolfe, Nicholas Jackson, Joel Neugarten, Leila Hashemi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Patel ReemaDepartment of Endocrinology, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California.
Shira GrockUCLA Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
Hill L WolfeDepartment of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.ORCID 0000-0001-8834-1560
Nicholas JacksonDivision of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine at UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California.ORCID 0000-0002-9515-5050
Joel NeugartenDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
Leila HashemiDepartment of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review examines the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on kidney health in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations, which face significant challenges in accessing medical care. GAHT typically involves estrogen therapy for transgender women and transfeminine individuals, testosterone therapy for transgender men and transmasculine individuals, and therapy regimens for individuals who are nonbinary or identify with another gender not culturally assigned to their sex assigned at birth. Hormone therapy influences biomarkers such as creatinine and cystatin C, which are used in eGFR. Current eGFR equations, reliant on sex-specific factors, may misrepresent kidney function in TGD individuals, leading to misdiagnosis or misclassification of kidney disease stages. GAHT alters serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C differently in individuals who use masculinizing or feminizing hormones. Testosterone therapy often raises SCr, while estrogen therapy may lower or has no effect on SCr levels. In addition, GAHT can affect CKD progression and the incidence of AKI due to a myriad of factors including hormonal effects. Estrogen may offer renal protection, while testosterone may elevate risks. Clearly, more data are needed, especially concerning the long-term effects of GAHT on CKD and AKI incidence and progression among TGD individuals. Kidney transplant considerations for TGD patients are complex, involving factors such as the effect of hormone therapy on allograft and patient survivals, drug-drug interactions, and unique anatomical challenges The lack of inclusive data in kidney disease registries and national databases for TGD populations limits the understanding of the effect of GAHT on kidney health. This narrative review calls for comprehensive and longitudinal research to better define eGFR estimation in TGD individuals using GAHT and the broader implications of GAHT on kidney health outcomes.

Indexed as

Gender-Affirming ProceduresHormone Replacement TherapyKidneyRenal Insufficiency, ChronicTransgender PersonsBiomarkersCreatinineCystatin CEstrogensFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansMaleTestosteroneBiomarkersCreatinineCystatin CEstrogensTestosteronecreatininecreatinine clearancegender difference

Identifiers

PMID40911365
PMCPMC13135061

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.