ArticleThe Plant cell2025
Membrane contact sites between chloroplasts and the pathogen interface underpin plant focal immune responses.
Article in The Plant cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The diverse roles of host membranes in plant-microbe interactions.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Let's keep in touch: How membrane contact sites drive immune responses.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- Roles of non-specific lipid transfer proteins in plant defense: structural and functional perspectives.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2025Review
- Histopathology ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Communication between cellular organelles is essential for mounting effective innate immune responses. The transport of organelles to pathogen penetration sites and their assembly around the host membrane, which delineates the plant-pathogen interface, are well documented. However, whether organelles associate with these specialized interfaces, and the extent to which this process contributes to immunity, remain unknown. Here, we discovered defense-related membrane contact sites (MCS) comprising a membrane tethering complex between chloroplasts and the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) surrounding the haustorium of the pathogen Phytophthora infestans in Nicotiana benthamiana. The assembly of this complex involves association between the chloroplast outer envelope protein CHLOROPLAST UNUSUAL POSITIONING 1 (CHUP1) and its plasma membrane-associated partner KINESIN-LIKE PROTEIN FOR ACTIN-BASED CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT 1 (KAC1). Our biochemical assays revealed that CHUP1 and KAC1 interact, and infection cell biology assays demonstrated their co-accumulation in foci where chloroplasts contact the EHM. Genetic depletion of CHUP1 or KAC1 reduces the focal deposition of callose around the haustorium without affecting other core immune processes. Our findings suggest that the chloroplast-EHM attachment complex promotes plant focal immunity, revealing key components and their potential roles in the deposition of defense materials at the pathogen interface. These results advance our understanding of organelle-mediated immunity and highlight the significance of MCS in plant-pathogen interactions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.