ArticleGastroenterology2026
The Prevalence and Burden of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Symptoms in Adults With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction: A Population-Based Study.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Patients With Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Systematic Review.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- When Food Avoidance Meets Compatible Diagnostic Criteria: Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Features in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Review
- Letter: Low-FODMAP Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Beyond the Hype!Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Quality of Life in Adults with Eating Disorders.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Self-Reported Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity and Its Association With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction and Disordered Eating.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Article
- Beyond Food Avoidance: ARFID and Nutritional Vulnerability in Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Risk of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a matched cross-sectional case-control study.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2026Article
- Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Is Common in Adults With Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and Is Associated With Malnutrition.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Co-Occurrence of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) and Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Fear, Feeding, and the Gut: Nutrition Support Considerations in Adults with ARFID and Gastrointestinal Symptoms.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Nutritional Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Authors' response.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsIndividuals with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) may experience avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) symptoms. However, extant findings have been limited to specialist neurogastroenterology clinics. We assessed the association between DGBI and ARFID within the adult general population.
methodsA population-based Internet survey with predefined demographic quotas was conducted across the United Kingdom and the United States in 2023. The survey included the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire for DGBI, the Nine-Item ARFID Screen, and questions regarding demographics, body mass index, nongastrointestinal somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression, quality of life, and healthcare use.
resultsIn this study, 4002 adults (median age, 46 [range, 18-91] years; 50% female) completed the survey, of whom 1704 (42.6%) had symptoms compatible with at least 1 DGBI. The prevalence of ARFID-positive screens was significantly higher among participants with DGBI compared with those without DGBI (34.6% vs 19.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-1.94), with similar findings noted in each country. Among participants with DGBI, positive ARFID screens using the Nine-Item ARFID Screen subscale were lack of interest in eating (21.5%), sensory-based avoidance (18.1%), and fear of aversive consequences (9.9%). The presence of ARFID increased with the number of DGBI anatomic regions, ranging from 19.4% in those with no DGBI, 27.7% with DGBI in 1 region, 39.5% for DGBI in 2 regions, 50.0% for DGBI in 3 regions, and 61.4% for DGBI in 4 regions (P < .001). Individuals with DGBI plus ARFID, compared with those with DGBI alone, were significantly more likely to be underweight (7.9% vs 1.5%), have greater nongastrointestinal somatic symptoms and psychological distress, reduced mental and physical quality of life, and increased healthcare use.
conclusionsPositive ARFID screens are common in DGBI and associated with increased general health burden. Routine screening for ARFID in DGBI will inform the multi-integrated care plan provided by clinicians, dietitians, and psychologists.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.