Evidence mapPaperPMID 40914425Full record

ReviewJournal of advanced research2026

Unraveling the nexus in the neuro-neoplastic progression of colorectal cancer: Potential role of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR).

Elizabeth Varghese, Samson Mathews Samuel, Slavomir Hornak, Peter Kubatka, Dietrich Büsselberg

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Outer membrane vesicles fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Elizabeth VargheseDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar. Electronic address: elv2007@qatar-med.cornell.edu.
Samson Mathews SamuelDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar. Electronic address: sms2016@qatar-med.cornell.edu.
Slavomir HornakLaboratory of Clinical and Regenerative Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: slavomir.hornak@uvlf.sk.
Peter KubatkaLaboratory of Clinical and Regenerative Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: peter.kubatka@uvlf.sk.
Dietrich BüsselbergDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar. Electronic address: dib2015@qatar-med.cornell.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies on the interaction of cancer cells with other cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells) of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have led to the development of many novel targeted therapies. More recently, the notion that neuronal cells of the TME could impact various processes supporting cancer progression has gained momentum. Tumor-associated neurons release neurotransmitters into the TME that, in turn, bind to specific receptors on different target cells, supporting cancer progression. Furthermore, cancer cells secrete nerve growth factors and neurotropic factors that facilitate the growth of nerve fibers that innervate the tumor. In this regard, the beta 2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR), which respond to neurotropic factors such as catecholamines, are highly expressed in cancer cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC). AIM OF REVIEW: Understanding the complexity of the neuronal-cancer axis and identifying targets for molecular therapy is essential. This review focuses on the role of β2-AR in neuro-neoplastic cell signaling during CRC progression and its clinical relevance to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: The expression of β2-AR on CRC and various other cells of the colorectal TME, along with its responsiveness to agonists or antagonists, is of particular interest since targeting β2-AR and related pathways could curb CRC growth. In the current article, we provide an in-depth review of the possible central role of β2-AR in CRC cancer progression, with special reference to stress-induced activation of the nervous system, catecholamine release, hyperactivation of adrenergic signaling concerning the activation of downstream oncogenic pathways, immuno-modulation, and metastasis. The article also emphasizes the clinical significance of β2-AR expression, its potential as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker, and the benefits of targeting (by repurposing β-blockers) β2-AR in combination therapies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of current treatment options and overall patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsReceptors, Adrenergic, beta-2AnimalsDisease ProgressionHumansNeuronsSignal TransductionTumor MicroenvironmentReceptors, Adrenergic, beta-2Beta blockersCell signalingCellular stressColorectal cancerNerve-cancer crosstalkNeuro-neoplastic progressionPhysiological stressβ2-adrenergic receptors

Identifiers

PMID40914425
PMCPMC13131394

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.