Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40914447›Full record

ArticleFood and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association2025

The effects of cadmium and high fructose diet on metabolic and reproductive health in female CD-1 mice.

Victoria R Adams, Janice A Dye, Micheal G Narotsky, Makala L Moore, Helen H Nguyen, Aubrey L Sasser, Kaberi P Das, Lillian F Strader, Joseph P Pancras, Donna Hill and 6 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Victoria R AdamsOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Janice A DyePublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Micheal G NarotskyPublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Makala L MooreOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Helen H NguyenOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Aubrey L SasserOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Kaberi P DasPublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Lillian F StraderPublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Joseph P PancrasPublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Donna HillPublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Chloe DavisOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Wanda C WilliamsPublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Rachel D GrindstaffPublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
William T PadgettPublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Christopher LauPublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Colette N MillerPublic Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Electronic address: miller.colette@epa.gov.

Funding

Intramural EPA EPA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEvaluation of the combined effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and dietary factors provides critical information for cumulative health risk assessment. Herein, we investigated the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure and high fructose (HFr) diet on metabolic and reproductive health in female mice.

methodsFemale CD-1 mice were exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl

resultsThe combination of Cd and HFr diet did not alter body composition, adipokines, nor circulating lipids. Conversely, this combination exacerbated the independent Cd- and HFr diet-induced reductions in serum IL-1β. HFr diet drove the bulk of the effects on surveyed metabolic endpoints irrespective of Cd exposure. However, both Cd and HFr diet independently reduced serum estradiol and interfered with estrous cyclicity.

conclusionThese results suggest that, at least for metabolic outcomes in females, HFr diet is the main driver of adverse effects. While limited interaction between these exposures was present, both stressors equally disrupted reproductive health endpoints in female mice.

Indexed as

CadmiumFructoseReproductionReproductive HealthAnimalsBody CompositionDietEstrous CycleFemaleLiverMiceCadmiumFructoseCadmiumEstrous cycleHeavy metalsHigh fructose dietMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

Identifiers

PMID40914447
PMCPMC13034443

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.