Giant borderline ovarian tumours - review of the literature.

Introduction: Giant borderline ovarian tumours (GBOTs) are rare neoplasms that require meticulous management to prevent high-risk operative complications. The broader goal of this systematic review is to consolidate the existing knowledge on GBOTs by focusing on diagnostic approaches, differential diagnoses, and treatment strategies. Furthermore, the relationship between the clinical features of GBOTs and the types of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures implemented was determined. Materials and methods: The publications were analysed for the following data: histopathological type of GBOT; patient's age; dimensions, weight, and/or volume of the tumour; levels and types of tumour markers determined; types of imaging tests performed; type of treatment applied. Results: Twenty-one articles describing the clinical situation of 22 patients met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. The mean age of the patients included in the analysis was 46.68 years (SD: 19.1 years); the youngest patient was 12, and the oldest was 76 years of age. In the analysed literature, patients most often (81.8%) had the mucinous type of GBOT. In the vast majority of cases (86.36%), based on the analysed literature, the surgical treatment method for the patients was laparotomy. In more than half of the patients (54.55%), the uterus was removed during surgical treatment. In the analysed literature, the hysterectomy procedure was not performed in patients under 40 years of age. Based on the analysed literature, it was found that if the CA 125 concentration in the blood serum of patients with mucosal tumours exceeded 40 U/mL, laparoscopy was not performed and the patients were treated using an open approach. Conclusions: GBOTs are rare neoplasms that require meticulous management to prevent high-risk operative complications. Despite the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by the large size and potential complications of these tumours, with proper medical care, patients can achieve successful outcomes and a good prognosis.