ReviewClinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry2025
Clinical and Esthetic Outcomes of Anodized Titanium Abutments: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Review in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Clinical outcomes of post-extractive tissue-level implants with transmucosal zirconia collar: a prospective cohort study.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2026Article
- Peri-implant soft tissue response to different abutment materials: A randomised controlled clinical trial.Bioinformation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Titanium is widely used for dental implant abutments due to its mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance; however, its gray coloration can compromise esthetic outcomes, particularly in patients with thin or translucent gingival biotypes. Anodization, a surface modification technique altering the titanium oxide layer, has been proposed to improve soft tissue aesthetics by producing abutments with warmer tones (eg, pink or gold) that harmonize with the surrounding gingiva. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical and aesthetic outcomes of anodized titanium abutments compared to non-anodized titanium and other materials, with a focus on peri-implant soft tissue health and visual integration. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published between 2013 and 2024. Eligibility followed the PICOS framework. Nine RCTs with parallel or split-mouth designs and follow-ups from six weeks to two years were included. Esthetic outcomes were assessed using CIELab spectrophotometry and the Pink Esthetic Score (PES), while clinical parameters included mucosal recession, probing depth, plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and bleeding on probing. Study quality was appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Anodized titanium abutments demonstrated enhanced aesthetic outcomes, especially in thin gingival biotypes, by improving colour harmony and reducing grayish shine-through. Pink-anodized abutments also showed better soft tissue integration compared to controls. However, clinical improvements such as reductions in inflammation, plaque, or recession were modest, inconsistent, and often statistically insignificant across studies. While anodization appears safe and beneficial for visual outcomes, its functional clinical advantages remain uncertain. These findings call for cautious interpretation and highlight the need for further well-powered, standardized long-term RCTs to validate the broader clinical relevance.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.