Evidence mapPaperPMID 40919404Full record

ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2025

International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) consensus statement on training and testing in competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders.

Jörg Spörri, Oriol Bonell Monsonís, Peter Balsiger, Roald Bahr, Caitlin Dios, Lars Engebretsen, Jonathan T Finnoff, Sarah Gillespie, Hubert Hörterer, Gerald Mitterbauer and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Jörg SpörriSports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0353-1021
Oriol Bonell MonsonísAmsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4865-5922
Peter BalsigerSports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Roald Bahr *Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Caitlin Dios *U.S. Ski & Snowboard, Park City, Utah, USA.
Lars Engebretsen *Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jonathan T Finnoff *Department of Sports Medicine, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.
Sarah Gillespie *Snow Sports New Zealand, Wanaka, New Zealand.
Hubert Hörterer *Medical Committee, International Ski and Snowboard Federation, Oberhofen, Switzerland.
Gerald Mitterbauer *FIS Athlete Health Unit, International Ski and Snowboard Federation, Oberhofen, Switzerland.
Kati Pasanen *Tampere Research Centre of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.
Christian Raschner *Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Claudia L Reardon *Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Johannes Scherr *Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Wolfgang Schobersberger *Medical Committee, International Ski and Snowboard Federation, Oberhofen, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-0307
Maarit Valtonen *Medical Committee, International Ski and Snowboard Federation, Oberhofen, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-2255
Tina Weirather *FIS Athlete Health Unit, International Ski and Snowboard Federation, Oberhofen, Switzerland.
Vincent GouttebargeAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0126-4177
Caroline BollingAmsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Evert VerhagenAmsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-8234

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To enhance performance, increase resilience and prevent injuries, training and testing (T&T) are the most important strategies for preparing athletes for the demands of their sport. However, for competitive snow sports such as alpine skiing, freestyle skiing and snowboarding, there is little evidence and a lack of international harmonisation of current best practices. This consensus statement, commissioned by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS), aims to provide recommendations for the physical and psychological T&T of competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders within National Ski and Snowboard Associations. A diverse international consensus panel was selected to represent the subject matter regarding gender, nationality, expertise/background, level of competition and skiing and snowboarding discipline. Researchers, officials, physicians, physiotherapists, coaches and former athletes with extensive experience in the field were among the experts. However, the panel had a limited gender balance (seven women and 13 men) and was over-represented by European members (65%) and North American members (20%), whereas there was limited representation of perspectives from South American (5%), Australasian (5%) and African (5%) experts and a lack of experts from Asia. In the first step, the panel established an overarching structure of topics and questions to be addressed by the consensus statement. Following the RAND-UCLA appropriateness method, the consensus process subsequently included panellist ratings, discussions and revisions informed by statements derived from the literature or expert/panellist opinions. These two outcomes served as the basis for manuscript writing, which was finalised through two iterative rounds of manuscript feedback and revision. This consensus statement aims to help athletes, coaches and medical staff of international and national federations plan and implement effective T&T activities for competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders.

Indexed as

AthleteElite performancePreventionSkiingSnowboarding

Identifiers

PMID40919404
PMCPMC12410619

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.