ArticleMetabolic brain disease2025
TLR-4/Notch1/NF-κB pathway modulation by dapagliflozin: a novel mechanism for neuroprotection in hepatic encephalopathy.
Article in Metabolic brain disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Liver-nervous system axis: pathways, dysregulation, and translational perspectives.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Artemisia absinthium attenuates hepatic fibrosis in mice by suppressing hepatic stellate cells activation and modulating inflammatory chemokine signaling.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Apocynin ameliorates liver fibrosis events in vivo through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute or chronic liver damage can result in Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), a potentially fatal neuropsychiatric condition that leads to cerebral and neurological alterations. Dapagliflozin (DAPA), an orally active Sodium/Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor with long duration of action. The study aim was to evaluate the potential protective impact of DAPA against HE caused by Thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. HE was achieved via a single intraperitoneal TAA dosage of (300 mg/kg). DAPA was administered orally as (1 mg/kg) for 28 days. A total of forty rats were distributed randomly into 4 equal groups: Control (CTRL), Dapagliflozin (DAPA + CTRL), Thioacetamide (TAA), and Dapagliflozin plus Thioacetamide (DAPA + TAA). TAA induced cognitive impairment was alleviated by DAPA, as evidenced by reduction by 63% in escape latency of Morris water maze (MWM) test, elevation in fall off period of Rotarod test, and reduced serum ammonia, Liver enzymes, and restore normal serum albumin levels. DAPA improved the antioxidant capacity and activity of Glutathione by 87.53%; reduced apoptosis, liver necrosis, and astrocyte inflammation. Moreover, DAPA administration reduced gene expression of both Notch1 by 50% and TLR-4 by 55.65% suppressing release of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, DAPA possesses a neuroprotective effect, as confirmed by the enhancement of motor incoordination, cognitive deficits, and histopathological alterations. This neuroprotective impact can be justified by lowering hyperammonemia, improving liver functions, in addition to its antioxidant effect, and suppression of TLR-4/Notch1/NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.