Evidence mapPaperPMID 40924227Full record

ReviewInternational journal of clinical oncology2025

Relative survival among cancer survivors enrolled in private cancer insurance in Japan, using the internal insurance-enrolled population as the reference.

Makoto Hiraoka, Hayaka Uekusa, Akira Okada, Reiko Inoue, Kayo Ikeda-Kurakawa, Yusuke Otsuka, Daisuke Namiki, Ryuichi Yamamoto, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Masaomi Nangaku and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of clinical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Makoto HiraokaDepartment of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Hayaka UekusaDepartment of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Akira OkadaDepartment of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Reiko InoueDepartment of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Kayo Ikeda-KurakawaDepartment of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Yusuke OtsukaDepartment of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Daisuke NamikiAsahi Mutual Life Insurance Company, Tokyo, Japan.
Ryuichi YamamotoMedical Information System Development Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Toshimasa YamauchiDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Masaomi NangakuDivision of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Kazuhiko OheDepartment of Healthcare Information Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Satoko YamaguchiDepartment of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. syamaguc@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-2281
Takashi KadowakiDepartment of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. t-kadowaki@toranomon.kkr.or.jp.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLimited data are available on relative survival (RS) among cancer survivors enrolled in private cancer insurance in Japan. Additionally, the incidence of second primary cancers or recurrences, as applicable, after a certain period remains unclear.

methodsWe analyzed 8,846 cancer survivors, including carcinoma in situ, aged 15-79 years, enrolled in private cancer insurance between April 2005 and September 2021, and diagnosed before April 2022. Using the entire insurance-enrolled population as the reference, we estimated sex- and age group-specific RS, conditional RS (CRS), and age-standardized RS (ASR) by cancer type. The cumulative incidence of second primary cancers or recurrences, as applicable, was calculated among cancer-free 3-, 4-, and 5-year survivors.

resultsMedian ages at first diagnosis were 61.5 years for males and 55.0 years for females. Over median follow-up of 3.40 years, 1,772 deaths (45.4 per 1,000 person-years) occurred. The 5-year RS declined with age: 81.8% for males and 94.8% for females aged 15-39, but 68.5% and 71.8% for those aged 70-79. The 5-year CRS increased with time since diagnosis, exceeding 90% among 5-year survivors in all groups except males aged 70-79. Liver cancer survivors had the highest incidence of second primary cancers or recurrences, predominantly due to recurrences, even after 5 cancer-free years.

conclusionWe estimated sex- and age group-specific RS, CRS, and ASR by cancer type, and the incidence of second primary cancers or recurrences, using a database of private cancer insurance policyholders, though the findings may not be generalizable to the national population.

Indexed as

Cancer SurvivorsInsurance, HealthNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalNeoplasmsNeoplasms, Second PrimaryAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceJapanMaleMiddle AgedSurvival AnalysisCancer survivorsConditional relative survivalPrivate cancer insuranceRelative survival

Identifiers

PMID40924227
PMCPMC12568848

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.