Evidence mapPaperPMID 40926737Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

The healthcare and economic burden associated with inadequate risk factor control for type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong: A population-based modelling study.

Aidi Liu, Yumeng Shao, Jiayin Chen, Carmen S Ng, Yanyan Wu, Xuechen Xiong, Cindy L K Lam, Eric Y F Wan, Jianchao Quan

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Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Aidi LiuSchool of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Yumeng ShaoSchool of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Jiayin ChenSchool of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-133X
Carmen S NgSchool of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-3907
Yanyan WuSchool of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Xuechen XiongSchool of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8085-1221
Cindy L K LamDepartment of Family Medicine and Primary Care, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-8481
Eric Y F WanDepartment of Family Medicine and Primary Care, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-1147
Jianchao QuanSchool of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-8512

Funding

Health Bureau, Hong Kong COVID19F08
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo estimate the healthcare and economic burden associated with improved risk factor control for people with type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong over 10 years. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe obtained population-based data from electronic healthcare records of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Risk factor targets were defined by American Diabetes Association guidelines. We applied a validated patient-level diabetes outcomes model (Chinese Hong Kong Integrated Modelling and Evaluation) to estimate the health and economic outcomes for all individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 526 672) in Hong Kong in 2021. Immediate risk factor control was compared to baseline over 10 years. Costs were estimated from a healthcare provider perspective.

resultsMost people (84.9%) failed to achieve optimal combined risk factors control (glycated haemoglobin, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) at baseline. Combined control was associated with population-level increases in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of 17 605 and healthcare cost savings of US$ 106.7 million over 10 years. Glycaemic control solely yielded the greatest QALY increases and had the highest cost savings (US$ 29.0 million) over 10 years.

conclusionsThe substantial population health and economic burden of inadequate risk factor control for individuals with diabetes in Hong Kong can potentially be mitigated through enhanced adherence, highlighting the need for effective and intensive interventions.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Health Care CostsAdultAgedFemaleGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHong KongHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality-Adjusted Life YearsRisk FactorsGlycated Hemoglobinglycaemic controlhealth economicspopulation healthpublic healthrisk factor controltype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40926737
PMCPMC12515775

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.