Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40927293›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025

An investigation of the pattern and mechanism of comorbidity in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Caihong Zhao, Haodong Xiong, Lingfei Zhu, Azijiang Adali, Weijie Yu, Simiao Tan, Shuying Wang, Chengbowen Zhao, Yan Lin, Zinan Wei and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Caihong ZhaoDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Haodong XiongSchool of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Lingfei ZhuDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Azijiang AdaliDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Weijie YuSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Simiao TanDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Shuying WangDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Chengbowen ZhaoDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Yan LinDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Zinan WeiDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
He HuangDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Xinyu PengDongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate comorbidity patterns and potential pathogenic mechanisms in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Methods: Patients with HT who visited the outpatient clinic of the Thyroid Department at Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, between June 2021 and December 2024 were included. Association rule analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 to identify comorbidity patterns. Disease targets were screened using the GeneCards database, and protein interaction networks for intersecting targets were constructed using STRING and Cytoscape. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed with Metascape to uncover relevant targets and potential pathways associated with comorbidities in patients with HT. Results: Among 429 patients with HT, 348 had comorbidities, resulting in a comorbidity prevalence of 81.19%. Association rule analysis identified thyroid nodules (TN) as the core binary comorbidity. The combination of TN and hyperplasia of the mammary gland (HMG) was central to ternary comorbidities, while the trio of TN, HMG, and uterine leiomyomas (UL) characterized quaternary comorbidities. Being a woman and advancing age were associated with increased risk of comorbidities, whereas levothyroxine sodium (L-T4) therapy was linked to reduced risk. Core targets associated with comorbidity prediction included AKT1, TP53, EGFR, INS, and TNF. Key pathways involved were the cancer pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion: The high prevalence of comorbidities in patients with HT warrants increased clinical attention within the medical community.

Indexed as

Hashimoto DiseaseAdultAgedComorbidityFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceThyroid NoduleThyroxineThyroxineassociation rulescomorbiditiesHashimoto’s thyroiditisnetwork pharmacologypathogenesis

Identifiers

PMID40927293
PMCPMC12415523

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.