Evidence mapPaperPMID 40928486Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2026

Losses to Follow-Up in a Nationally Representative Study of Community-Living Older Americans: Two Approaches to Censoring and Implications for Mortality Outcomes.

Thomas M Gill, Jingchen Liang, Robert D Becher, Kendra Davis-Plourde

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Thomas M GillDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6450-0368
Jingchen LiangDepartment of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Robert D BecherDepartment of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Kendra Davis-PlourdeDepartment of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6654-0710

Funding

The National Health and Trends StudyU01AG032947 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI VICKI A. FREEDMAN, JENNIFER ANN SCHRACK · 2008 to 2026
$169.4M
Yale Study Support Suite (YES3): Dashboard and Web Portal Software Supporting Research Workflow through integrated, customizable REDCap External ModulesP30AG021342 · NIA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Terri R. Fried · 2002 to 2026
$37.9M
A Multifactorial Approach to Evaluating Disparities in Outcomes after Major Surgery in Disadvantaged Older PersonsR01MD017298 · NIMHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BECHER, ROBERT DAVID, GILL, THOMAS MICHAEL · 2022 to 2025
$2.6M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG021342NIA NIH HHS U01 AG032947NIH HHS GS10F0133S/140D0421F0687NIH HHS P30AG021342NIH HHS R01MD017298NIH HHS U01AG032947NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD017298
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), use of its Sensitive files leads to incomplete ascertainment of mortality, largely because of losses to follow-up. To account for these losses, we compared two censoring approaches for evaluating mortality.

methodsIn a hybrid approach, most participants were censored at the time of last contact, while the remainder were censored at the time of last completed interview. In the other approach, all participants were censored at the time of last completed interview (LCI). All-cause mortality was evaluated among 7608 and 7498 community-living members of the 2011 (over 10 years) and 2015 (over 5 years) cohorts based on the Sensitive files, with linked Medicare data serving as the reference standard.

resultsUsing the hybrid and LCI approaches, the median (IQR) follow-up times among nondecedents were 7.7 (5.9-8.7) and 8.8 (6.3-9.9) years shorter for the Sensitive files than Medicare data in the 2011 cohort. The corresponding values in the 2015 cohort were 2.9 (1.8-3.8) and 4.0 (2.2-4.9) years. For both cohorts, cumulative mortality based on the Sensitive files relative to the Medicare data was modestly lower for the hybrid approach but comparable for the LCI approach. The incidence rate ratios (95% CI) for the Sensitive files relative to the Medicare data in the 2011 and 2015 cohorts, respectively, were 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) and 0.89 (0.86, 0.93) for the hybrid approach and 0.98 (0.95, 1.00) and 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) for the LCI approach. However, the numbers of participants at risk for death overtime were considerably smaller for the latter than the former approach.

conclusionsWhen evaluating mortality using the NHATS Sensitive files, investigators should consider censoring all participants who are lost to follow-up at the time of the last completed interview, recognizing potential trade-offs in terms of reductions in power and precision.

Indexed as

Independent LivingLost to Follow-UpMortalityAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMedicareUnited Statescensoringepidemiology of aginglongitudinal studieslosses to follow‐up

Identifiers

PMID40928486
PMCPMC12833708

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.