Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40930745›Full record

ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2025

Comparative efficacy and safety of PSCA CAR-engineered Vδ1 γδ T cells for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.

Zhixin Li, Ningyuan Liu, Zahir Shah, Lewei Jin, Lei Tian, Xiaolei Sun, Jianying Zhang, Zhiyao Li, Michael A Caligiuri, Jianhua Yu

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. γδ T cells and cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
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  11. Article
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  13. Review
  14. Mechanisms and Applications of γδ T Cells in Anti-Tumor Immunity.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zhixin Li *Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Ningyuan Liu *Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Zahir Shah *Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Lewei JinDepartment of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Lei TianDepartment of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Xiaolei SunDepartment of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jianying ZhangDepartment of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Zhiyao LiDepartment of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Michael A CaligiuriDepartment of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA mcaligiuri@coh.org jianhuay@uci.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4095-3020
Jianhua YuDivision of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA mcaligiuri@coh.org jianhuay@uci.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundγδ T cells possess unique immunological features including tissue tropism, major histocompatibility complex-independent antigen recognition, and hybrid T/natural killer cell properties that make them promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. However, the therapeutic potential of Vδ1 γδ T cells, particularly when engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), remains underexplored in solid tumors such as pancreatic cancer (PC), largely due to their low abundance in peripheral blood and challenges in ex vivo expansion. This study aims to directly compare the preclinical safety and efficacy among CAR-engineered Vδ1 γδ T cells, Vδ2 γδ T cells, and conventional αβ T cells.

methodsWe developed a CAR targeting prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) and engineered it into human blood-derived Vδ1 γδ T cells. These PSCA CAR-Vδ1 T cells were evaluated for antitumor activity against PSCA-expressing pancreatic tumor cells using both in vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo xenograft mouse models. Comparative analyses were conducted using PSCA CAR-Vδ1 γδ T cells, PSCA CAR-Vδ2 γδ T cells, and PSCA CAR-αβ T cells. Safety assessments of these CAR-engineered T cell subsets were conducted to evaluate graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), while exhaustion profiles were assessed using single-cell RNA sequencing.

resultsOur study demonstrated that PSCA CAR-Vδ1 γδ T cells, PSCA CAR-Vδ2 γδ T cells, and PSCA CAR-αβ T cells exhibited similar antitumor efficacy. However, PSCA CAR-Vδ1 T cells did not exhibit GvHD or CRS compared with CAR-αβ T cells. PSCA CAR-Vδ1 T cells also had lower scores for exhaustion when compared with PSCA CAR-Vδ2 T cells by single-cell transcriptomic analysis.

conclusionPSCA CAR-Vδ1 γδ T cells represent a potent and safe therapeutic modality for PSCA

Indexed as

Antigens, NeoplasmImmunotherapy, AdoptiveNeoplasm ProteinsPancreatic NeoplasmsReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaReceptors, Chimeric AntigenAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleGPI-Linked ProteinsHumansMiceXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysAntigens, NeoplasmGPI-Linked ProteinsNeoplasm ProteinsPSCA protein, humanReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaReceptors, Chimeric AntigenAdoptive cell therapy - ACTChimeric antigen receptor - CARImmunotherapySolid tumorT cell

Identifiers

PMID40930745
PMCPMC12421624

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.