Evidence mapPaperPMID 40933375Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Effect of levothyroxine on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease.

Lijia Liu, Haiqing Zhang, Xiaowei Chen, Zuoxiang Liu, Houyu Zhao, Shizhan Ma, Meng Zhao, Peng Shen, Yexiang Sun, Hongbo Lin and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Lijia Liu *Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Haiqing Zhang *Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Xiaowei Chen *Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Zuoxiang LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Houyu ZhaoResearch Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Shizhan MaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Meng ZhaoDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Peng ShenYinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Ningbo, Ningbo, China.
Yexiang SunYinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Ningbo, Ningbo, China.
Hongbo LinYinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Ningbo, Ningbo, China.
Siyan ZhanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Jiajun ZhaoDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Feng SunDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of levothyroxine, compared to non-levothyroxine treatment, in preventing adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: This is a retrospective study utilizing medical record data from the Yinzhou Regional Health Care Database. The analysis included patients newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism between July 2006 and December 2021 who also had pre-existing CVD at the time when they received the first hypothyroidism diagnosis. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3P-MACE), which included cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Secondary outcomes comprised all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and cardiovascular-related hospitalization. Propensity score matching was used to match levothyroxine users with non-users on a 1:1 basis. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to compare the risk of outcomes between users and non-users, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reported. Results: In the matched cohort ( Conclusions: Levothyroxine may improve major cardiovascular outcomes and decrease all-cause hospital admissions in patients with hypothyroidism and CVD.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesHypothyroidismThyroxineAdultAgedFemaleHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesThyroxinecohort studyhypothyroidismlevothyroxineMACEpharmacoepidemiology

Identifiers

PMID40933375
PMCPMC12417138

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.