Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40934749›Full record

ArticleThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2025

Global, regional, and national burden of autoimmune disease in older adults (≥60 years) from 1990 to 2021: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Su-Qi Zeng, Jun-Hai Zhen, Yu Pu, Chuan Liu, Jia-Ming Hu, Jun-Jie Chen, Xiao-Li Wang, Wei-Guo Dong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Su-Qi ZengDepartment of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Jun-Hai ZhenDepartment of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Yu PuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Chuan LiuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Jia-Ming HuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Jun-Jie ChenDepartment of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, 221009, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address: jay252979@163.com.
Xiao-Li WangDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Electronic address: wangxiaoli@whu.edu.cn.
Wei-Guo DongDepartment of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Electronic address: dongweiguo@whu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo analyze and model the global, regional, and national burden of autoimmune diseases (ADs) among older adults (≥60 years) from 1990 to 2021.

methodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data for 204 countries and territories. Age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates were calculated with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC, with 95% Confidence Intervals [95% CI]). Future trends to 2035 were projected using a log-linear age-period-cohort model.

resultsIn 2021, the Americas and Europe had the highest burden of ADs in older adults. From 1990 to 2021, age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates increased notably for rheumatoid arthritis (EAPC for incidence rate: 0.75, 0.70-0.79; for prevalence rate: 0.54, 0.50-0.58) and type 1 diabetes (incidence rate: 0.78, 0.70-0.86; prevalence rate:0.84, 0.81-0.88). Psoriasis showed smaller but consistent increases, while inflammatory bowel disease rose only modestly, and multiple sclerosis remained relatively stable. Projections suggest continued increases in age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates for most ADs through 2035.

conclusionsThe burden of ADs among older adults is rising globally, with particularly high rates in the Americas and Europe. These findings highlight the urgent need for strategic resource allocation and targeted prevention and management strategies to address ADs in aging populations.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesGlobal Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthAgedAged, 80 and overArthritis, RheumatoidDisability-Adjusted Life YearsEuropeFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceAgeingAge standardizationAutoimmune diseasesIncidenceMortalityPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID40934749
PMCPMC12711659

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.