Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40935606›Full record

ArticleJournal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine2025

Varying Levels of Inflammatory Activity in Brain and Body of Patients with Persistent Fatigue and Difficulty Concentrating After COVID-19: A TSPO PET Study.

Denise Visser, Sandeep S V Golla, Xavier Palard-Novello, Sander C J Verfaillie, Anouk Verveen, Dook W Koch, Roos M Rikken, Elsmarieke van de Giessen, Pythia T Nieuwkerk, Marijke E den Hollander and 20 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Human brain matters: Navigating the neuropathology of COVID-19.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Comparison of [Molecular imaging and biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors.

Denise VisserDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; d.visser2@amsterdamumc.nl.
Sandeep S V GollaDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Xavier Palard-NovelloDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sander C J VerfaillieDepartment of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Anouk VerveenDepartment of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Dook W KochDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Roos M RikkenDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Elsmarieke van de GiessenDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Pythia T NieuwkerkDepartment of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Marijke E den HollanderDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Janneke HornBrain Imaging, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Caroline M van HeugtenDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Menno D de JongInfectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cees C van den WijngaardCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Tessa van der MaadenCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Yvonne M G van OsOccupational Health Office, Department of Human Resources, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Maria PrinsInfectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Johanna M A Visser-MeilyDepartment of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Patrick SchoberDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Robert C SchuitDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Michael KassiouSchool of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Albert D WindhorstDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sara Biere-RafiFamily Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Brent AppelmanInfectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Michele van VugtInfectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Frederik BarkhofDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Bart N M van BerckelDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ronald BoellaardDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Hans KnoopDepartment of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nelleke TolboomDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A significant number of patients report persistent fatigue and difficulty concentrating after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a condition known as post-coronavirus disease 2019 (post-COVID) syndrome. The underlying mechanisms for these complaints remain poorly understood. Dysregulated immune and neurologic systems may play a role in the pathophysiology of post-COVID syndrome. A target providing direct information on immune activation is the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), which is upregulated in activated microglia. The PET tracer

Indexed as

BrainCOVID-19FatigueInflammationPositron-Emission TomographyReceptors, GABAAcetamidesAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPyrazolesPyrimidinesSARS-CoV-2AcetamidesN,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamidePyrazolesPyrimidinesReceptors, GABATSPO protein, human[18F]DPA-714fatigueimagingPETpost-COVIDTSPO

Identifiers

PMID40935606
PMCPMC12582180

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.