Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40935879›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2026

Mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease and established and emerging treatments.

Victor Martinez Leon, Rachel Hilburg, Katalin Susztak

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The Role ofGenes · 2026
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  20. Post‑translational modifications in diabetic kidney disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Victor Martinez LeonDepartment of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7343-0808
Rachel HilburgDepartment of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Katalin SusztakDepartment of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ksusztak@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-3726

Funding

Training CoreTL1DK143326 · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · 2025 to 2025
$893k
NIDDK NIH HHS TL1 DK143326
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Kidney disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in persons with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) typically presents with a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate and, in many but not all cases, with marked proteinuria. Strict glycaemic control and blood pressure control remain foundational in managing DKD, and advances in the understanding of disease mechanisms have redefined the therapeutic landscape. Large outcome trials, such as EMPA-KIDNEY, DAPA-CKD and CREDENCE, have demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors slow chronic kidney disease progression and improve cardiovascular outcomes. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists reduce albuminuria and preserve estimated glomerular filtration rate, as shown most recently in the FLOW trial. Finerenone, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, lowered renal and cardiovascular risk in the FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD trials. Combination approaches (for example, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition plus endothelin receptor type A blockade in ZENITH-CKD), aldosterone synthase inhibition, and targeted anti-inflammatory or complement-modifying agents offer additional promise. We summarize the key pathophysiological drivers (glomerular hyperfiltration, podocyte injury, tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis), review established treatments and highlight emerging strategies to prevent or halt DKD.

Indexed as

Diabetic NephropathiesAnimalsGlomerular Filtration RateHumansSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40935879

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.