Evidence mapPaperPMID 40935880Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2025

Cardiometabolic and renal benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.

Yong-Ho Lee, Soo Lim, Melanie J Davies

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated partial lipodystrophy.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2026
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  8. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yong-Ho LeeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare (IIDH), Institute for Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-4942
Soo LimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. limsoo@snu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-1671
Melanie J DaviesDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. melanie.davies39@nhs.net.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9987-9371

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The therapeutic scope of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors has expanded beyond glycaemic regulation in the management of diabetes mellitus. Studies published in the past few years highlight their substantial effect on cardiovascular outcomes, notably in decreasing mortality and the need for heart failure-related hospitalization. These agents also lead to pronounced improvements in a range of renal outcomes. The primary actions of SGLT2 inhibition, glycosuria and natriuresis, are pivotal in enhancing glucose control, promoting weight loss and lowering blood pressure. These effects initiate a series of beneficial mechanisms: facilitating haemodynamic improvement by reducing interstitial volume, enhancing cardiac function, boosting energy efficiency through altered ketone body metabolism and mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress. Additional effects include heightened erythropoiesis, reduced hyperuricaemia and increased levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin (1-7). SGLT2 inhibitors also attenuate sympathetic overactivity by modulating neurohumoral activation and renal afferent signalling, contributing to their cardioprotective and renoprotective profiles. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse mechanisms underpinning the cardiometabolic and renal effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, emphasizing their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2KidneySodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAnimalsHumansSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.