ArticleEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2025
Minor immunomodulatory effects of psychotropics suggested in severe mental disorders: Associations of antipsychotics with beta defensin 2, antidepressants with C-reactive protein, and mood stabilizers with soluble interleukin 2 receptor.
Article in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immune biomarkers for epilepsy in autism: indications of cytokine alterations in an exploratory cross-sectional pediatric study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundImmunomodulatory effects of psychotropic agents used to treat severe mental disorders (SMDs) have been suggested. We investigated associations between immune marker levels and antipsychotic- (AP), antidepressant- (AD), and mood stabilizing agents (MS) use in SMDs.
methodsWe included 1215 participants with SMDs (777 with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 438 with bipolar disorders). Circulating levels of 45 immune markers were determined by enzyme-immunoassay or immunoturbidimetry and analyzed for associations with use, doses, and serum concentrations of AP, AD, and MS. Extensive adjustments for potential confounders were performed. Immune marker levels of 1008 healthy controls served as a reference.
resultsAP use was significantly associated with higher plasma levels of beta defensin 2 (BD-2) (
conclusionsThe findings suggest that AP and MS use affect pathways involved in immune homeostasis and inflammatory regulation in individuals with SMDs, while AD use augments low-grade systemic inflammation reflected by CRP.
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