Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40937216›Full record

ReviewCureus2025

The Role of Vimentin, Synaptophysin, and Histone H3 Lysine 27 Methylation (H3K27me) as Surrogate Markers in the Diagnosis and Classification of Oligodendrogliomas and Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A Comprehensive Review.

Hussein Qasim, Karees Khattab, Mohammad Abu Shugaer, Giustino Varrassi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hussein QasimDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR.
Karees KhattabFaculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR.
Mohammad Abu ShugaerDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR.
Giustino VarrassiDepartment of Pain Medicine, Fondazione Paolo Procacci, Rome, ITA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oligodendrogliomas and diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are distinct subtypes of central nervous system (CNS) tumors with differing prognoses and treatment responses. Accurate differentiation between these tumors is critical yet often challenging, particularly when comprehensive molecular testing is unavailable. This review explores the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical surrogate markers, vimentin, synaptophysin, and histone H3 lysine 27 methylation (H3K27me), in distinguishing these tumor types. A narrative review methodology was employed following the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines. Relevant peer-reviewed studies were identified through comprehensive database searches of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar using targeted keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Articles were included based on their focus on the immunohistochemical and molecular characterization of oligodendrogliomas and DMGs. Vimentin, typically associated with mesenchymal transition, is highly expressed in DMGs and high-grade gliomas, reflecting aggressive behavior and invasiveness. In contrast, oligodendrogliomas usually lack vimentin expression. Synaptophysin, a neuronal differentiation marker, is frequently expressed in oligodendrogliomas but largely absent in DMGs, offering discriminatory value. The loss of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) expression is a defining feature of H3K27M-mutant DMGs and serves as a highly specific diagnostic marker. Together, these markers improve diagnostic precision, particularly in resource-limited settings or where molecular assays are not readily available. Vimentin, synaptophysin, and H3K27me expression patterns offer practical, cost-effective surrogate tools to enhance diagnostic accuracy in glioma classification. Their integration into routine neuropathological assessment can support timely and appropriate therapeutic decision-making, especially in settings lacking full molecular testing capabilities. Further research is needed to explore their potential roles in guiding targeted therapies and prognostication.

Indexed as

diffuse midline gliomagliomah3k27me3immunohistochemistry stainingoligodendrogliomasynaptophysinvimentin

Identifiers

PMID40937216
PMCPMC12422164

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.