Evaluating Treatment Options for Opiate Use Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Buprenorphine-Naloxone and Extended-Release Naltrexone.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic, relapsing condition with significant health and social consequences. Buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) and extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) are two primary medications used for OUD treatment. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing BUP-NX and XR-NTX for OUD treatment. Studies were included based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, including patient population, intervention, comparator, outcome measures, and study design. Pooled analyses were performed to assess differences in abstinence time, days of opioid use, negative urine samples, quality of life, and adverse effects. No significant difference was found between BUP-NX and XR-NTX in terms of abstinence time. However, XR-NTX demonstrated a significant advantage in reducing the number of days of opioid use. No significant differences were observed in terms of the number of negative urine samples or quality of life. Adverse effects were comparable between the two treatments. While both medications appear effective for OUD treatment, the choice between BUP-NX and XR-NTX may depend on individual patient factors. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term effects of these medications and to identify optimal treatment strategies for different patient populations.