SynthesisEuropean journal of neurology2025
Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Potential role of tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, for preventive treatment of migraine: A case series.Headache · 2026Article
- Risk of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Patients Treated with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Metabolic rebound after GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRepurposing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists (RAs) for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) represents an attractive alternative to current treatments, supported by evidence of potent metabolic effects and reductions in cerebrospinal fluid secretion and intracranial pressure in vivo.
methodsWe evaluated the safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RAs and GIP/GLP-1 RAs in IIH. MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched for randomized-controlled trials (RCT), non-randomized clinical trials, or registries in adults with IIH.
resultsTwo clinical trials (one RCT and one non-randomized case-control) and two registries, comprising 1550 IIH patients (768 receiving GLP-1 or GIP/GLP-1 RAs) were included. Compared with standard-of-care, GLP-1 or GIP/GLP-1 RAs were associated with a significantly lower risk of papilledema (RR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.15-0.43; p < 0.01) and visual disturbances or blindness (RR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18-0.92; p = 0.03), and a near-significant trend toward reduced headache risk (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.34-1.07; p = 0.08). Additionally, GLP-1 RAs significantly reduced monthly headache days at 3 months (MD = -3.64; 95% CI: -6.26 to -1.03; p < 0.01) and at the end of follow-up (MD = -4.82; 95% CI: -8.80 to -0.85; p = 0.02). No association was detected between GLP-1 RAs and body mass index. No serious adverse events or treatment discontinuations were reported; mild gastrointestinal adverse events and nausea occurred in 88% (95% CI: 0.46-1.00) of GLP-1 RA-treated patients.
conclusionsGLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 RAs are associated with a significantly lower risk of papilledema and visual disturbances or blindness and a lower headache risk compared with standard-of-care. Additionally, GLP-1 RAs significantly reduce the monthly headache burden. Well-designed RCTs are needed to robustly evaluate the effects of GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 RAs in IIH, which likely extend beyond their weight-loss-inducing properties.
trial registrationPROSPERO registration ID: CRD42025650082.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.