Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40938827›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of health promotion : AJHP2026

"It's Just Our New Norm": A Qualitative Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic Stressors and Protective Factors Among Caregivers of School-Aged Children.

Adrija Chakrabarty, Janny Dinh, Rachel Deitch, Nina Carr, Hannah G Lane, Erin R Hager

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of health promotion : AJHP, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Adrija ChakrabartyDepartment of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-2223-0499
Janny DinhDepartment of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Rachel DeitchDepartment of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nina CarrDepartment of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Hannah G LaneDepartment of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Erin R HagerDepartment of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

QAQC Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR003098 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2019 to 2023
$57.7M
Research BaseP30DK072488 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI MITCHELL, BRAXTON D, TAYLOR, SIMEON I. · 2005 to 2019
$17.3M
COVID-19 Policies: Impact Over Time on Child Health, Obesity, and DisparitiesR01HD105356 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI HAGER, ERIN R · 2021 to 2024
$2.7M
Building Blocks for Healthy Preschoolers: Child Care and Family ModelsR01DK107761 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI BLACK, MAUREEN M · 2016 to 2019
$2.6M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003098NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD105356NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK072488NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK107761
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PurposeTo understand general COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors among caregivers of children ages 3-15, and describe institutional, interpersonal, and personal protective factors used to cope with pandemic-related stress.DesignSemi-structured, in-depth interviews.SettingMaryland.ParticipantsCaregivers of children enrolled in the COVID-19 Family Study; 38 caregivers during 2020 (T1) and 22 caregivers during repeat interviews in 2021 (T2).MethodThe research team developed interview guides informed by the Family Stress Model (FSM) for T1 and T2 interviews. Interviews were analyzed using content coding to later construct themes related to how stressors and protective factors changed over time.ResultsThe thematic analysis is described across four concepts: caregiver stressors, institutional protective factors, interpersonal protective factors, and personal factors. In T1 interviews, stressors included viral exposure, remote work and school, and social distancing. During T2 interviews, caregivers described re-opening of work, school, and businesses and shifting back into pre-pandemic routines as continuing stressors. In both rounds of interviews, caregivers described a variety of institutional, interpersonal, and personal protective factors to cope with stress. Commonly mentioned protective factors included government aid (i.e., stimulus checks, free school lunches), family time, and hobbies.ConclusionFindings highlight the necessity of multi-tiered (institutional, interpersonal, personal) approaches to support caregivers navigating stressful experiences during times of extraordinary duress, especially emphasizing interventions that incorporate various levels of the socioecological model.

Indexed as

CaregiversCOVID-19Stress, PsychologicalAdaptation, PsychologicalAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsProtective FactorsQualitative Researchcommunitycoronavirusfamily dynamicsqualitative researchresiliencesocial healthsocial supportstimulus checkstress management

Identifiers

PMID40938827
PMCPMC12863439

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.