ArticleScience advances2025
Autonomous codesign and fabrication of multistimuli-responsive material systems.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reducing Nematic-Isotropic Transition Temperature Improves Phototropic Actuation in Printable Liquid Crystal Elastomers.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Alignment switching in 3D-printed smectic liquid crystal elastomers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Co-design of programmable material systems.NPJ metamaterials · 2026Review
- GELATO: multi-material topology optimization of programmable gel-elastomer structures.Structural and multidisciplinary optimization : journal of the International Society for Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Responsive materials offer solutions to complex engineering challenges by enabling systems to adapt their shapes or properties in response to external stimuli. To fully harness the potential of responsive materials, inverse design methods that integrate multiple types of stimuli and manufacturing processes are necessary. We present a unified, autonomous codesign framework that simultaneously optimizes structure, manufacturing, materials, and stimuli for responsive material systems, achieving target shape morphing under multiple stimuli without relying on human heuristics or expertise. It integrates generalized topology optimization with hybrid data-physics differentiable simulations to achieve flexible, manufacturing-aware designs for network-like responsive material systems. We showcase our framework with a multimaterial three-dimensional printing process with high material tunability, which we use to fabricate liquid crystal elastomer systems that morph into different forms in response to heat and light. The exceptional flexibility and efficiency of our method will advance shape-morphing applications spanning soft robotics to drug delivery.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.