Optimization of astaxanthin extraction from red (Gracilaria corticata) and brown (Sargassum polycystum) macroalgae through ultrasonication and microwave processing.

Parisa Feizi, Seid Mahdi Jafari

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of Sargassum polycystum for antitumor activity: Multi-objective optimization and mechanistic insights.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2026
Article

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Parisa FeiziDepartment of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

Seid Mahdi JafariDepartment of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: smjafari@gau.ac.ir.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed at optimizing the extraction of astaxanthin (ASX) by microwave- and ultrasound-assisted methods through an organic solvent (a mixture of ethanol and ethyl acetate), a green solvent (a microemulsion (MEL) of tributyloctylphosphonium bromide ionic liquid in water), and a vegetable oil (sunflower oil) from red (Gracilaria corticate/GC) and brown (Sargassum polycystum/SP) macroalgae. First, MELs were evaluated in terms of density, particle size and conductivity. Then, total carotenoids, ASX content, ASX extraction efficiency and DPPH scavenging activity were measured to evaluate the performance of different extraction methods. According to the results, the density of MEL was 0.97 g/cm

Indexed as

Chemical FractionationGracilariaMicrowavesSargassumSeaweedSonicationUltrasonic WavesSolventsXanthophyllsastaxanthineSolventsXanthophyllsAlgaeCarotenoidsExtraction efficiencyIonic microemulsion

Identifiers

PMID40939279

DOI10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107556

PMCPMC12504982

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.