Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40940378›Full record

ArticleIranian biomedical journal2025

Apoferritin-Functionalized with Wheat Germ Agglutinin and Loaded with Antibiotic for Targeting Bacteria.

Qristine G Gyurjyan, Gayane G Poghosyan, Vardan K Gasparyan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Iranian biomedical journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Qristine G GyurjyanInstitute of Biochemistry after H. Buniatyan, P. Sevak str 5/1, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
Gayane G PoghosyanInstitute of Biochemistry after H. Buniatyan, P. Sevak str 5/1, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
Vardan K GasparyanInstitute of Biochemistry after H. Buniatyan, P. Sevak str 5/1, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The selective delivery of drugs to their targets prevents their possible side effects; hence, the development of selective transport systems is considered extremely promising. In the present study, we aimed to develop a drug delivery system for targeting bacteria. Methods: Functionalization of apoferritin with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), as a bacteria-recognizing lectin, was conducted. Afterwards, the complex was loaded with ampicillin. The affinity of the conjugate to Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, was evaluated by anisotropic silver nanoparticles conjugated with this complex, and its interaction with the bacteria was also assessed. Results: The drug-delivery capabilities of the composite were evaluated. Results from the disk diffusion assay revealed that its bactericidal activity is 10-fold greater compared to free antibiotics. The effectiveness of the bactericidal effects of ampicillin-loaded ferritin was also confirmed in whole blood. Conclusion: Lectin-conjugated and ampicillin-loaded apoferritin can be considered as effective drug delivery systems for targeting bacteria.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsApoferritinsWheat Germ AgglutininsAmpicillinBacillus subtilisDrug Delivery SystemsHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAmpicillinAnti-Bacterial AgentsApoferritinsWheat Germ AgglutininsAmpicillinBacteriaFerritinsWheat germ agglutinins

Identifiers

PMID40940378
PMCPMC12584351

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.