Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40943153›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Immune Checkpoint Dysregulation in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Study of sCTLA-4 and sPD-L1 as Biomarkers of Symptomatic Vasospasm.

Reka Varnai, Gábor J Szebeni, Nikolett Gémes, Attila Schwarcz, Tihamer Molnar, Csaba Olah, Peter Csecsei

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Reka VarnaiDepartment of Primary Health Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7622 Pecs, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0001-8440-3955
Gábor J SzebeniLaboratory of Flow Cytometry, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-6998-5632
Nikolett GémesLaboratory of Flow Cytometry, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
Attila SchwarczDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7622 Pecs, Hungary.
Tihamer MolnarDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7622 Pecs, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-6149-9787
Csaba OlahDepartment of Neurosurgery, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Center Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0001-9598-9322
Peter CsecseiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7622 Pecs, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-4982-2481

Funding

National Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience project RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00011National Research, Development, and Innovation Office 142877 FK22NRDI Fund NKFI-FK-146159
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe stroke subtype often complicated by symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (sVP), contributing to delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcomes. Immune dysregulation, particularly T-cell imbalances and pro-inflammatory cytokines, is implicated in vasospasm development. Soluble immune checkpoint proteins-CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) and PD-L1 (sPD-L1)-regulate immune homeostasis and may serve as biomarkers or modulators of inflammation in aSAH. This prospective cohort study included 179 aSAH patients, divided into sVP+ (

Indexed as

B7-H1 AntigenCTLA-4 AntigenSubarachnoid HemorrhageVasospasm, IntracranialAdultAgedBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkersCD274 protein, humanCTLA-4 AntigenCTLA4 protein, humananeurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhageCTLA-4PD-L1symptomatic cerebral vasospasm

Identifiers

PMID40943153
PMCPMC12428428

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.